health science

Cell membrane

Controls what enters and leaves

Nucleus

Stores dna and cell activity

Mitochondria

Produces atp

Ribosomes

Builds protein

Rough/smooth ER

Protein processing and lipid/detox function

Golgi apparatus

Modifies, packages, and ships cell products

Lysosomes

Digest and recycle cellular material

Cytoskeleton

Shapes, supports, transport, and movement

No ATP

Active processes and repair begin to fail

Faulty proteins

Cell communication or structure may fail

Poor waste removal

Damaging material can accumulate

What are phospholipids

Main component in cell membrane acting as a barrier to water soluble molecules

What does cholesterol do

Manage fluidity and stabilizes

What does carbohydrate chain do

Act as a receptor molecule

What does the glycolipid do

Stabilizes cell membrane by making hydrogen bonds

What do carrier proteins do

Create a passageway for ions and polar molecules through cell membrane

What do channel proteins do

Create a passageway for ions and polar molecules along the concentration gradient

What do red blood cells do

Oxygen transport

What do neurons do

Communication

What do muscle fibers do

Force

What do epithelial cells do

Protection barrier, absorption, and secretion

What do adipocyte do

Energy storage and insulation

Hypoxia/ischemia

Too little oxygen flow (heart attack)

Infection

Virus, bacteria, fungi

Toxins

Carbon monoxide poisoning

Physical trauma

Severe sunburn

What can injure a cell

Genetic error or abnormal immune response

Reversible stress

The cell is struggling but may recover

Apoptosis

Controlled and programmed cell death

Necrosis

Uncontrolled cell death after severe injury

Observation

What you can directly see

Inference

What you think the evidence means