ENS 303 EXAM #3: HIP FLEXORS, EXTENSORS, ABDUCTORS, ADDUCTORS, AND ROTATORS

Psoas major — Origin

Bodies and transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae.

Psoas major — Insertion

Lesser trochanter.

Psoas major — Action

Flexes and may laterally rotate the hip; flexes the trunk toward the thigh and assists anterior pelvic tilt.

Psoas major — Nerve

Lumbar plexus.

Iliacus — Origin

Iliac fossa.

Iliacus — Insertion

Lesser trochanter through the iliopsoas tendon.

Iliacus — Action

Flexes and may laterally rotate the hip; assists anterior pelvic tilt.

Iliacus — Nerve

Femoral nerve.

Psoas minor — Origin

Bodies of T12 and L1 and the disc between them.

Psoas minor — Insertion

Superior ramus of the pubis, specifically the pectineal line.

Psoas minor — Action

Assists with posterior pelvic tilt.

Psoas minor — Nerve

Lumbar plexus.

Tensor fasciae latae — Origin

Iliac crest posterior to the ASIS.

Tensor fasciae latae — Insertion

Iliotibial tract, also called the IT band.

Tensor fasciae latae — Action

Flexes, medially rotates, and abducts the hip; stabilizes the hip and knee.

Tensor fasciae latae — Nerve

Gluteal nerve.

Sartorius — Origin

ASIS.

Sartorius — Insertion

Proximal medial tibia at the pes anserinus.

Sartorius — Action

Flexes, laterally rotates, and abducts the hip; flexes and medially rotates the flexed knee.

Sartorius — Nerve

Femoral nerve.

Gluteus maximus — Origin

Posterior ilium, posterior iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, and sacroiliac ligaments.

Gluteus maximus — Insertion

Upper fibers: iliotibial tract. Lower fibers: gluteal tuberosity.

Gluteus maximus — Action

Extends, laterally rotates, and abducts the hip. Lower fibers can assist with hip adduction.

Gluteus maximus — Nerve

Gluteal nerve.

Gluteus medius — Origin

Gluteal surface of the ilium.

Gluteus medius — Insertion

Greater trochanter.

Gluteus medius — Action

Abducts the hip. Anterior fibers flex and medially rotate the hip. Posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate the hip.

Gluteus medius — Nerve

Gluteal nerve.

Gluteus minimus — Origin

External surface of the ilium.

Gluteus minimus — Insertion

Greater trochanter.

Gluteus minimus — Action

Abducts, flexes, and medially rotates the hip; stabilizes the pelvis.

Gluteus minimus — Nerve

Gluteal nerve.

Adductor magnus — Origin

Inferior ramus of the pubis, ramus of the ischium, and ischial tuberosity.

Adductor magnus — Insertion

Linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, and adductor tubercle.

Adductor magnus — Action

Adducts and medially rotates the hip. Posterior fibers extend the hip. Anterior fibers assist hip flexion.

Adductor magnus — Nerve

Obturator nerve and sciatic nerve.

Adductor longus — Origin

Body of the pubis.

Adductor longus — Insertion

Linea aspera.

Adductor longus — Action

Adducts and medially rotates the hip; assists hip flexion.

Adductor longus — Nerve

Obturator nerve.

Adductor brevis — Origin

Body and inferior ramus of the pubis.

Adductor brevis — Insertion

Pectineal line and linea aspera.

Adductor brevis — Action

Adducts and medially rotates the hip; assists hip flexion.

Adductor brevis — Nerve

Obturator nerve.

Pectineus — Origin

Superior ramus of the pubis

Pectineus — Insertion

Pectineal line of the femur.

Pectineus — Action

Adducts and flexes the hip; assists medial rotation.

Pectineus — Nerve

Femoral nerve.

Gracilis — Origin

Body and inferior ramus of the pubis.

Gracilis — Insertion

Proximal medial tibia at the pes anserinus.

Gracilis — Action

Adducts the hip; flexes and medially rotates the flexed knee.

Gracilis — Nerve

Obturator nerve.

Deep six — Muscles

Piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior, obturator externus, and quadratus femoris. (superior to inferior)

Deep six — Main action

Laterally rotate the hip and stabilize the femoral head.

Piriformis — Origin

Anterior surface of the sacrum.

Piriformis — Insertion

Superior greater trochanter.

Piriformis — Action

Laterally rotates the hip; abducts the hip when it is flexed.

Piriformis — Nerve

Nerve to piriformis.

Gemellus superior — Origin

Ischial spine.

Gemellus superior — Insertion

Obturator internus tendon.