Breast Carcinoma Risk Factors and Compression Stockings Classification

This set covers risk factors for breast carcinoma, including endogenous and exogenous variables, as well as the classifications, pressures, and indications for medical compression stockings.

Germline mutations

Genetic alterations that are a risk factor in the development of breast carcinoma.

Endogenous factors

Internal factors such as early menarche, late menopause, late age at first-pregnancy, nulliparity, and obesity that lead to prolonged exposure to estrogens and increase breast cancer risk.

Nulliparity

The state of never having given birth, which is an endogenous risk factor for breast carcinoma.

Hormonal replacement therapy

An exogenous risk factor for breast carcinoma involving the medicinal administration of hormones.

Atypical hyperplasia

A type of benign breast disease that increases the risk of developing breast carcinoma.

Lobular carcinoma in situ

A specific proliferative breast disease mentioned as a risk factor for breast carcinoma development.

Class I Compression Stockings

Stockings providing $15-20\,mmHg$ of pressure (mild strength) indicated for minor varicosities and mild oedema (CEAP 1, 2, 3).

Class II Compression Stockings

Stockings providing $20-30\,mmHg$ of pressure (moderate strength) indicated for moderate varicosities, phlebitis, moderate oedema, and postoperative ablation (CEAP 3, 4).

Class III Compression Stockings

Stockings providing $30-40\,mmHg$ of pressure (firm strength) indicated for severe varicosities, active ulcer, and DVT (CEAP 4, 5, 6).

Class IV Compression Stockings

Stockings providing pressure $>40\,mmHg$ (extra firm strength) specifically indicated for lymphoedema.

Phlebitis

An indication for Class II (moderate strength) compression stockings.

Atypical hyperplasia

A benign breast disease that is identified as a risk factor for breast carcinoma.