psychology exam 2

Smell

By a week after birth, infants are able to distinguish between their mother's [what] and that of another nursing mother?

Continuity and stages

Mark thinks that language development over your lifespan requires a slow but steady shaping process. His belief is directly relevant to the issue of:

A fetus

Elena is in the fourth month of her pregnancy. At this point, her developing baby is

A teratogen

If research suggested that a pregnant mother's use of artificial sweetener caused harm to the fetus, this artificial sweetener is considered

Habituation

The best evidence that newborns possess visual memory capabilities comes from research on

Continuity and stages

Ross believes that personality development is a matter of sudden qualitative changes at various turning points in the lifespan. His viewpoint aligns with the issue of

Role confusion

Jessica acts differently with her parents than with her girlfriends. She thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Jessica is experiencing

Pruning

The selective loss of unused connections among brain cells is called

Information processing speed

Most 20-year-olds outperform 70-year-olds on video games because of age-related differences in

Depression and anxiety

Compared with the average man, an average woman is more vulnerable to

All the above

Compared with women, men experience a greater risk of

Gender roles

In some cultures, men are expected to take responsibility for managing household finances and women are expected to take responsibility for preparing meals. This illustrates

Asexual

Kayla has never felt sexually attracted to another person. This is described as

A paraphilia

Experiencing distressing and recurrent urges to inflict suffering on others in order to become sexually aroused is an indication of

Social scripts

Social learning theory is likely to highlight the importance of [what] in accounting for the way in which we sexually interact with others

Developmental psychologist

Dr. Mitsuko's research interest is the long-term effects of child-rearing practices on the psychological adjustment of offspring. It is most likely that Dr. Mitsuko is what kind of psychologist

The branch of psychology that focuses on the physical, cognitive, and social changes that occur throughout the human lifespan

Developmental psychology is defined as

Maturation and motor development

The sequence in which babies master skills—rolling over, sitting, crawling, and walking—is the same around the world, which illustrates the importance of

Critical period

Lacking exposure to spoken, written, or signed language before adolescence, a person will never master any language. This indicates that infancy and childhood is a [what] for language development

The timing of puberty is predictable

Which of the following is not true regarding adolescent development

Ask for people's opinions in a group discussion

Men are less likely than women to

STDs / STIs (Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Infections)

Teenage girls are vulnerable to [what] because of their lower levels of protective antibodies

Sexual harassment

During early teen years, girls who are more physically mature than most other girls are more likely to experience higher-than-average levels of

Popular and self assured

Boys who mature at an early age tend to be more

Scaffold

A framework that offers children temporary support as they develop higher levels of thinking

Cognition

Mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Attachment

Emotional tie with another person shown in young children by seeking closeness to their caregiver and showing distress on separation

Egocentrism

In Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty in taking another person's point of view

Schema

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information

Strange anxiety

Fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning at about 8 months of age

Accommodation

Adapting our current understanding/schemas to incorporate new information

Theory of mind

People's ideas about their own and others' mental states (feelings, perceptions, thoughts, and behaviors)

Assimilation

Interpreting our new experiences in terms of our existing schemas

Conservation

The principle that Piaget believed to be part of concrete operational reasoning: that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in form

Part 1 (Three Domains): Physical, cognitive, and social development.

Part 2 (Three Major Issues): Nature vs. Nurture, Continuity vs. Stages, Stability vs. Change.

Developmental Psychology Domains & Issues

Gender Roles vs. Gender Identity

Gender roles: The behaviors that a culture expects from men and women.

Gender identity: An individual's personal sense of being male, female, or a combination.