Muscles of Lower Leg and Foot

Compartments of lower leg

Anterior compartment, Superficial posterior compartment, deep posterior compartment, lateral compartment

Anterior Compartment of lower leg (TEEP)

Tibialis Anterior, Extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus (fibularis) tertius

Tibialis Anterior Origin

Lateral condyle of tibia, upper lateral surface of tibia, interosseous membrane

Tibialis Anterior Insertion

medial cuneiform, base of 1st metatarsal

Tibialis Anterior Action

Dorsiflexion, inversion of the foot

Tibialis Anterior Innervation

Deep peroneal nerve

Extensor Hallucis Longus Origin

Anterior fibula, interosseous membrane

Extensor Hallucis Longus Insertion

Base of distal phalanx of great toe

Extensor Hallucis Longus Action

extends and hyperextends great toe, dorsiflexion, and inverts foot

Extensor Hallucis Longus Innervation

Deep peroneal nerve

Extensor digitorum longus Origin

Proximal anterior fibula, interoseous membrane, lateral condyle of tibia

Extensor digitorum longus insertion

dorsal surface of lateral 4 toes, base of middle and distal phalanges

Extensor digitorum longus action

extends toes 2-5, dorsiflexion, eversion

Extensor digitorum longus innervation

deep peroneal nerve

Peroneus (fibularis) tertius origin

distal anterior fibula, interosseous membrane

Peroneus (fibularis) tertius Insertion

base of 5th metatarsal

Peroneus (fibularis) tertius action

dorsiflexion, eversion

Peroneus (fibularis) tertius innervation

deep peroneal nerve

Lower leg superficial posterior compartment muscles (God Stay Praying)

Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

Gastrocnemius origin

Lateral head: lateral condyle and posterior surface of the femur
Medial head: popliteal surface of femur

Gastrocnemius insertion

posterior surface of calcaneus through the achilles tendon

Gastrocnemius action

plantarflexion of foot, flexes leg at knee

Gastrocnemius innervation

tibial nerve

Soleus origin

posterior tibia, upper posterior fibula, fibrous arch between tibia and fibula

Soleus insertion

posterior surface of calcaneus via the achilles tendon

Soleus action

plantarflexion

Soleus innervation

tibial nerve

Plantaris origin

lateral supracondylar ridge of femur, oblique popliteal ligament

Plantaris insertion

posterior surface of calcaneus

Plantaris action

plantarflexion of foot; flexes leg at knee

Plantaris Innervation

Tibial nerve

Lower leg deep posterior compartments (PFFT)

Popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

Popliteus origin

lateral condyle of the femur

Popliteus insertion

proximal posterior tibia

Popliteus action

medial rotation of the leg at tibia, flexion of the leg

Popliteus innervation

tibial nerve

Flexor hallucis longus origin

lower posterior fibula, posterior intermuscular septum, interosseous membrane

Flexor hallucis longus insertion

Base of distal phalanx of great toe

Flexor hallucis longus action

flexion of great toe (distal phalanx), assist plantarflexion and inversion

Flexor hallucis longus innervation

Tibial nerve

Flexor digitorum longus origin

medial posterior tibia

Flexor digitorum longus insertion

base of 2-5 distal phalanges

Flexor digitorum longus action

flexion of 2-5 distal phalanges, assist plantarflexion and inversion

Flexor digitorum longus innervation

tibial nerve

Tibialis posterior origin

lateral posterior tibia, proximal posterior fibula, interosseous membrane

Tibialis posterior action

plantarflexion and foot inversion, supports medial longitudinal arch

Tibialis posterior innervation

tibial nerve

Lower leg lateral compartment muscles (PP)

Peroneus longus, peroneus brevis

Fibularis Longus origin

upper lateral fibula

Fibularis Longus insertion

medial cuneiform, base of 1st metatarsal

Peroneus Longus action

plantarflexion and foot eversion

Fibularis Longus innervation

superficial peroneal nerve

Peroneus Brevis origin

distal lateral fibula

Peroneus Brevis insertion

lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal

Fibularis Brevis action

plantarflexion and foot eversion

Fibularis Brevis innervation

superficial peroneal nerve

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot

extensor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, abductor digiti minimi, lumbricales, flexor hallucis brevis, adductor hallucis, flexor digiti minimi brevis, interossei dorsalis, interossei plantares

extensor digitorum brevis origin

anterior lateral calcaneus, lateral talocalcaneal ligament, inferior extensor retinaculum

extensor digitorum brevis insertion

extensor digitorum longus tendon and extensor expansions of toes 2-4

extensor digitorum brevis action

extension of 2-4 toes

extensor digitorum brevis innervation

deep peroneal nerve

abductor hallucis origin

tuberosity of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis

abductor hallucis insertion

medial side of bsae of 1st proximal phalanx

abductor hallucis action

abducts and stabilizes the great toe

abductor hallucis innervation

medial plantar nerve

flexor digitorum brevis origin

tuberosity of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis

flexor digitorum brevis insertion

sides of middle phalanges of toes 2-5

flexor digitorum brevis action

flexes PIP joints of toes 2-5, assists MTP joint flexion

flexor digitorum brevis Innervation

medial plantar nerve

Abductor digiti minimi origin

tuberosity of the calcaneus, planter aponeurosis

Abductor digiti minimi insertion

lateral side of 5th proximal phalanx

Abductor digiti minimi action

abducts 5th toe

Abductor digiti minimi innervation

lateral plantar nerve

Lumbricales origin

tendons of flexor digitorum longus

Lumbricales insertion

medial sides of extensor expansions of toes 2-5

Lumbricales action

flexes MTP joints and extends PIP and DIP joints of toes 2-5

Lumbricales Innervation

1st lumbrical - medial plantar nerve
2-4 - lateral plantar nerve

Flexor Hallucis Brevis origin

cuboid, lateral cuneiform

Flexor Hallucis Brevis insertion

medial and lateral sides of base of 1st proximal phalanx

Flexor Hallucis Brevis action

flex proximal phalanx of great toe

Flexor Hallucis Brevis innervation

medial plantar nerve

Adductor Hallucis origin

oblique head: 2-4 metatarsal bones, sheath of peroneus longus tendon
Transverse head: plantar MTP ligaments of 3-5, transverse metatarsal ligament

Adductor Hallucis insertion

lateral side of base of 1st proximal phalanx

Adductor Hallucis action

adducts and stabilizes the great toe

Adductor Hallucis innervation

lateral plantar nerve

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis origin

base of 5th metatarsal, sheath of peroneus longus tendon

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis insertion

lateral sides of base of 5th proximal phalanx

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis action

flex proximal phalanx of 5th toe

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis innervation

lateral plantar nerve

Dorsal Interossei origin

adjacent sides of metatarsal bones

Dorsal Interossei insertion

1st: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd toe
2-4: lateral sides of proximal phalanges of 2-4 toes

Dorsal Interossei action

abduct toes, flex proximal phalanges

Dorsal Interossei innervation

lateral plantar nerve

Plantar Interossei origin

medial aspect of metatarsals 3-5

Plantar Interossei insertion

proximal phalanges 3-5

Plantar Interossei action

adduct toes, flex proximal phalanges

Plantar Interossei innervation

lateral plantar nerve