Inheritance

protein synthesis

DNA -\> RNA -\> Protein

mutation

A change in a gene or chromosome.

Punnett square

A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross

genotype

An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations.

phenotype

An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.

traits

A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes.

non-coding DNA

That part of the chromosome which does not carry the information to make a protein -used to regulate DNA, some uses unknown

RNA

single strand that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome

Mendel

Monk and botanist whose experiments in breeding garden peas led to his eventual recognition as founder of the science of genetics (1822-1884)

allele

Different forms of a gene

homozygous dominant

alleles written in Punnett square as BB

heterozygous

alles written in punnett square as Bb

homozygous recessive

alleles written in Punnett square as bb

transcription

DNA code is copied down as RNA

translation

RNA is decoded from one language to amino acids, therefore making proteins