Individuals and Society Keywords

Development

Raising the standard of living and quality of life for people in a country

Basic Needs

Essential requirements for development, including access to food, housing, jobs, health services, education, and safety

Equality

The assumption that everyone will benefit from the same supports and be treated equally

Equity

The practice of providing individuals with different supports to ensure they have equal access to opportunities

Economic Growth

An increase in the production of economic goods and services in a country over time, leading to more income for people

HIC (High Income Country)

A country with a Gross National Income (GNI) greater than $12,695

MIC (Middle Income Country)

A country with a Gross National Income (GNI) between $1,045 and $12,695

LIC (Low Income Country)

A country with a Gross National Income (GNI) less than $1,045

The Brandt Line

A historical division that defined the Northern Hemisphere as Rich/Developed and the Southern Hemisphere as Poor

Physical Geography

Factors involving land areas, bodies of water, and plant life

Human Geography

Factors involving religion, culture, and way of life

Institutions

Large-scale social arrangements (such as family, education, or the state) that are stable, predictable, and serve societal needs

Single Indicator

A measure of development that focuses on only one dimension, such as GNI, life expectancy, or energy use

Composite Indicator

A single number compiled from many single indicators to provide a more comprehensive assessment of development

Human Development Index (HDI)

A UN tool measuring four criteria: life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling, and GNI per capita

Happy Planet Index (HPI)

A composite indicator assessing well-being and sustainability by combining life expectancy, experienced well-being, and ecological footprint

Pattern

A series of data that repeats over a space (often illustrated on a map)

Trend

The general direction in which something is occurring over a period of time (often illustrated on a graph

Countries from Africa

DRC, South Africa, Nigeria, Somalia, Tunisia

Countries from Asia

People's Republic of China, India, Afghanistan, Republic of Korea, Thailand

Countries from Europe

Norway, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, United Kingdom, Türkiye

Countries from Americas

Brazil, USA, Mexico, Paraguay, Haiti