history quiz 4

who were the axis powers

germany, italy, japan

who were the allied powers

us, uk, china, france

what was blitzkrieg

2 steps nazi germany used to conquer eruope

1. luftwaffe-german airforce

2. panzer divisions - tanks

3. infantry - ground troops

what was the america first committee

group formed by isolationists that stood for preventing giving aid to britain

what was “cash and carry"“

one of the neutrality acts passed in 1937 that permitted trade with fighting nations un military goods as long as they paid in cash and transported the goods themselves

what were the neutrality acts

series of acts passed by congress

1. 1935 - banning us from providing weapons to nations at war

2. 1936 banning loans to these nations

3. 1937 cash and carry

what was the lend lease act

an act that permitted the presudent to aid any nation whose defense he believed to be vital to america’s security

what was rationing

-govt found it necessary to ration food, gas, clothing to make sure their was enough supplies for soldiers, people recieved ration books containing coupons/stamps

-FOOD RATION PROGRAM - 1942

what were vitcory agrdens

gardens americans grew in their backyards and other public spaces

what were war bonds

loans given to govt to help w/ war effects, gov’t promised to pay back w/ interest

people were encouraged to buy thru massive advertising campaigns

85mil americans bought

what were scrap drives

gov’t asked americans to donate certain prodtcs into homes that contained materials like metal and aluminum

not really that effective

what was vmail

how people talked to a relative at war

what were the 4 freedoms

1. freedom of speech

2. freedom of worship

3. freedom from want

4. freedom from fear

what was executive order 9066

it allowed the military to remove people from designated military areas

-they used it to force japanese americans from homes

-they were sent to internment camps until 1945

who was lelenad ford

republican representative from cali who believed that all japanese americans whould make the patriotic sacrifice to be placed in internment camps

who was henry simmons

secetary of war who expressed concern about japanese spies along the pacific coast

what was the bracero program

created in 1942 it was a program between mexico and the US allowing mexican men to temporarily come to the us to work agricultural and farmer jobs

what was executive order 8802 relating to african americans

FDR banned discrimination in defense industry in 1941

what was the executive training and service act (african americans)

all men were required to serve in the war, no discrimination based on race

what was the tuskegee trained 99th pursuit squadron

first african american flying squadrom to serve in combat

what was the 761st tank bantalion

the first african american tanker to see combat

who was rosie the rievrter

a figure used to convince women that working was a patriotic duty

what was the “close the ring” strategy

strategy to defeat nazi germany by surrounding and squeezing its military forces in multiple directions

what was the island hopping strategy

by conquering important islands while skipping over heavily defended japanese islands, the us built military bases and got closer to japanese while weakening them

what were the declaration of principles

set of principles that guided FDR and winston churchill during the war

battle of el alamein

nov 1942 when the british army left germany retreating to west

battle of stalingrad

soviet forces defeated the german army and germany lost over 330,000 troops

d-day

allied troops stormed beaches in normandy and began soviet push toward germany

battle of midway

wave of japanese bomber attacks on island, however the us ambushed and detroyed many of their airship carrier ships

kamikazees

japanese suicide planes

battle of iwo jima/okinawa

battles on two important islands, both had many casualites, winning these gave american huge advantages

marshall plan

us launched a massive economic aid program that gave over 13 billion dollars to rebuild western europe nations pist war and stop the spread of communism

berlin aircraft

aircraft that transported over 13000 goods to west berlin daily

NATO (national atlantic traty ogranization)

US, CAN, 10 western euro nations formed military alliance, promising todefend eachother if attacked

china

mao zedong’s communist forces defeated chiang ki-sheks us backed nationalist gov’t and this led to the establishment of the people’s republic of china

korean war

communist north korea invaded south korea and the US and UN stepped in to help south korea

sputnik

ussr launched the worlds first artifical earth orbitting satelitte and this led to the space race and fear over their missle power

berlin wall

ussr built a wall to stop germans from leaving east germany to west germany (trap communism)

bay of pigs invasion

failed invasion of cuba to change its gov’t which was communist and kennedy refused to provide air cover for attackers, he chose defeat