Week 6: Watchkeeping, Mooring, and Anchoring

What are reef points used for?

A. Reduce the draft if the boat runs aground

B. Reduce the area of a sail

C. Keep the sail taut in light airs

D. Increase the strength of the mast

B. Reduce the area of a sail

You are on watch at sea at night and a fire breaks out in #3 hold. What should be done IMMEDIATELY?

A. Flood the space with CO2 from the fixed fire fighting system.

B. Cool the deck to contain the fire.

C. Shut down the cargo hold ventilation.

D. Proceed to the space and determine the extent of the fire.

C. Shut down the cargo hold ventilation.

Your ship is steaming at night with the gyro-pilot engaged when you notice that the vessel's course is slowly changing to the right. What action should you take FIRST?

A. switch to hand steering

B. notify the engine room

C. call the Master

D. shift steering to the emergency steering station

A. switch to hand steering

While steering by autopilot you notice that the vessel has deviated 15 degrees from course and there is no corrective rudder being applied. As a standard operating procedure you should first __________.

A. switch to hand steering

B. check the setting of the weather adjustment

C. check the setting of the rudder adjustment

D. immediately engage the trick wheel

A. switch to hand steering

You have the "conn" at the time the helmsman who is steering by hand reports that the rudder is not responding to the wheel. Your FIRST action should be to __________.

A. signal the engine room to stop the engines

B. shift the selector switch to the other steering pump

C. call the Master

D. call the engine room

B. shift the selector switch to the other steering pump

When steering on autopilot which of the following input conditions may NOT have an effect on the control of the steering gear?

A. Rudder adjustment

B. Weather adjustment

C. Non-followup

D. All the above may be activated

C. Non-followup

You are standing the wheelwatch when you hear the cry, "Man overboard starboard side". What immediate action should you take?

A. give full right rudder

B. throw a life ring to mark the spot

C. give full left rudder

D. put the rudder amidships

A. give full right rudder

The term "lee side" refers to the __________.

A. side of the vessel exposed to the wind

B. starboard side

C. side of the vessel sheltered from the wind

D. port side

C. side of the vessel sheltered from the wind

On vessels over 100 gross tons, whose responsibility is it to ensure that all able seamen in the vessel's crew have the documents and qualifications required by law and regulation?

A. Company's personnel director

B. Owner or operator of the vessel

C. Master of the vessel

D. USCG Officer in Charge of Marine Inspection

C. Master of the vessel

What is the function of the "rudder adjustment" control on an autopilot steering stand?

A. To set the departure from base course before actuating the rudder

B. To align the rudder angle indicator with the true rudder angle

C. To set the rate at which the rudder responds

D. To set the number of degrees of rudder per degree of course error

D. To set the number of degrees of rudder per degree of course error

The "weather adjustment" control on an autopilot steering stand is used to __________.

A. set the speed at which the rudder responds

B. set the null band or dead zone signal before actuating the rudder

C. allow leeway according to the weather conditions

D. proportionally set the number of degrees of rudder response per degree of course error

B. set the null band or dead zone signal before actuating the rudder

Which is the function of the "Port-Off-Stbd" selector switch on an autopilot steering stand?

A. To change from hand electric steering to automatic gyro

B. It will change over the port to the starboard bow thruster

C. It will change over one steering system to the other

D. To change over hand electric steering to non-followup

C. It will change over one steering system to the other

When a vessel is on autopilot steering, the "weather " control is adjusted to compensate for which severe weather effect on a vessel?

A. Yaw

B. Pitch

C. Leeway

D. Roll

A. Yaw

The "Mode" selector switch can be positioned and select all of the following EXCEPT __________.

A. automatic gyro

B. hand-electric steering

C. non-followup control

D. weather adjustments

D. weather adjustments

When steering by hand, which of the following may be a functional input to the steering gear as a result of turning the wheel?

A. Rudder adjustment

B. Weather adjustment

C. Non-follow-up

D. All the above may be activated

C. Non-follow-up

The lookout sights a vessel dead ahead. How would this be reported on the bell?

A. One strike on the bell

B. Two strikes on the bell

C. Three strikes on the bell

D. Four strikes on the bell

C. Three strikes on the bell

A look-out at the bow sights an object on your port side. How many bell strokes should he sound?

A. One

B. Two

C. Three

D. Four

B. Two

While on duty as a look-out, which other duty may you perform?

A. Paint any area near your station

B. Overhaul a block, as long as it is at your look-out station

C. Sweep down the fo'c'sle

D. None of the above

D. None of the above

When must a proper look-out must be kept?

A. only in fog

B. only between the hours of sunset and sunrise

C. only when entering and leaving port

D. at all times

D. at all times

While standing look-out at night, a dim light on the horizon will be seen quickest by looking __________.

A. quickly above then quickly below the horizon

B. a little above the horizon

C. a little below the horizon

D. directly towards the light

B. a little above the horizon

When is a lookout permitted to leave his station?

A. only when properly relieved

B. at the end of the watch

C. 15 minutes before the end of the watch

D. at any time

A. only when properly relieved

What should look-outs report?

A. Discolored water

B. Floating objects

C. Shoals

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

As look-out, you spot an object 45° off your port bow. You should report the object as __________.

A. broad on the port bow

B. on the port beam

C. 3 points on the port bow

D. 3 points forward of the port beam

A. broad on the port bow

A vessel spotted at 45° relative can be reported as __________.

A. 4 points forward of starboard bow

B. broad on the starboard bow

C. 4 points abaft the starboard beam

D. on the starboard beam

B. broad on the starboard bow

A look-out should report objects sighted using __________.

A. relative bearings

B. true bearings

C. magnetic bearings

D. gyro bearings

A. relative bearings

What does the command "Hard right rudder" mean?

A. put the rudder over to the right all the way

B. put the rudder over quickly to 15° right rudder

C. jam the rudder against the stops

D. meet a swing to the right, then return to amidships

A. put the rudder over to the right all the way

What action should the helmsman take when hearing the command "ease the rudder"?

A. bring the rudder amidships

B. move the rudder slowly in the direction of the most recent rudder command

C. decrease the rudder angle

D. steer the course which is your present heading

C. decrease the rudder angle

When a helmsman receives the command "Right 15 degrees rudder," What should the helmsman's immediate reply be?

A. No reply is necessary, just carry out the order.

B. "Rudder is right 15 degrees"

C. "Right 15 degrees rudder"

D. "Aye Aye Sir

C. "Right 15 degrees rudder"

What is a CORRECT reply to a pilot's request, "How's your head"?

A. "Eased to 10° rudder"

B. "Steady"

C. "Checked"

D. "Passing 50° "

D. "Passing 50° "

When being relieved of the helm, the new helmsman would find it handy to know which of the following?

A. leeway

B. deviation on that heading

C. amount of helm carried for a steady course

D. variation in the area

C. amount of helm carried for a steady course

When relieving the helm, the new helmsman should know which of the following before assuming the watch?

A. maximum rudder angle previously used

B. variation

C. gyro error

D. course per magnetic steering compass

D. course per magnetic steering compass

What is the "iron mike"?

A. pilot

B. automatic pilot

C. standby wheel

D. speaker

B. automatic pilot

You are standing the wheel watch on entering port and the Master gives you a rudder command which conflicts with a rudder command from the Pilot. What should you do?

A. Ask the Pilot if he relinquishes control.

B. Bring the rudder to a position midway between the two conflicting positions.

C. Obey the Master.

D. Obey the Pilot.

C. Obey the Master.

What does the helm command "shift the rudder" mean?

A. Put the rudder over to the opposite side, the same number of degrees it is now.

B. Shift the rudder control to the alternate steering method.

C. Put the rudder amidships and hold the heading steady as she goes.

D. Stop the swing of the ship.

A. Put the rudder over to the opposite side, the same number of degrees it is now.

What does the helm command "meet her" mean?

A. Note the course and steady on that heading

B. Steer more carefully

C. Use rudder to check the swing

D. Decrease the rudder angle

C. Use rudder to check the swing

The helm command "Nothing to the left" means do NOT __________.

A. use left rudder

B. steer right of the ordered course

C. steer left of the ordered course

D. leave any buoys on the port side

C. steer left of the ordered course

What does the helm command "Left twenty" mean?

A. put the rudder hard left for the first twenty degrees of swing

B. put the rudder left twenty degrees and then ease back as the vessel starts swinging

C. put the rudder left twenty degrees

D. change course twenty degrees to the left

C. put the rudder left twenty degrees

What does the helm command "Check her" mean?

A. stop the swing using hard over rudder

B. test the steering control

C. slow the swing using moderate rudder

D. read the compass heading

C. slow the swing using moderate rudder

What does the helm command "Steady as you go" mean?

A. steer the course when the swing stops

B. maintain the rate of swing

C. don't allow the vessel to swing off course so much

D. steer the course you are on now

D. steer the course you are on now

When steering a vessel, which of the following will an effective helmsman do?

A. apply rudder to move the compass card towards the lubbers line when off course

B. keep the rudder amidships except when changing course

C. use as much rudder as possible to keep the vessel on course

D. repeat back to the watch officer any rudder commands before executing them

D. repeat back to the watch officer any rudder commands before executing them

You are standing watch on entering port and the Master gives a rudder command which conflicts with a rudder command from the Pilot. You should ensure the helmsman which action?

A. Obeys the Pilot's commands

B. Asks the Pilot if he has relinquished control

C. Obeys the Master's commands

D. Brings the rudder to a position midway between the two conflicting positions

C. Obeys the Master's commands

While you are on watch entering port, the Master gives the helmsman a rudder command which conflicts with a rudder commandnfrom the Pilot. You should make sure the helmsman takes which action?

A. Asks you for instructions

B. Obeys the Master

C. Brings the rudder to a point midway between the two conflicting positions

D. Obeys the Pilot

B. Obeys the Master

The recessed areas on a wildcat are called __________.

A. devil's claws

B. pockets

C. sockets

D. pawls

B. pockets

The sprocket teeth on a wildcat are known as the __________.

A. devil's claws

B. pockets

C. whelps

D. pawls

C. whelps

The machinery associated with heaving in and running out anchor chain is the __________.

A. windlass

B. draw works

C. dynamic pay out system

D. winch

A. windlass

How is a safety shackle identified?

A. The shape

B. The color code

C. The certification stamp

D. The design of the pin

D. The design of the pin

What is a grapnel?

A. A hook to prevent the anchor cable from slipping

B. A device used to drag for a submerged cable or line

C. A device for securing a chain topping lift

D. A type of clam bucket used for discharging bulk cargo

B. A device used to drag for a submerged cable or line

When moored with a Mediterranean moor, the ship should be secured to the pier by having __________.

A. a stern line, 2 bow lines, and 2 quarter lines leading aft to the pier

B. a stern line and two quarter lines crossing under the stern

C. all regular lines leading to the pier in opposition to the anchor

D. two bow lines and two midship lines leading aft to the pier

B. a stern line and two quarter lines crossing under the stern

A "Mediterranean moor" should be used when __________.

A. when anchoring in the Mediterranean

B. when docking bow to a berth

C. when docking stern to a berth

D. when anchoring in a strong current

C. when docking stern to a berth

The anchors should be dropped well out from the pier while at a Mediterranean moor to __________.

A. increase the anchor's reliability by providing a large catenary in the chain

B. prevent damage to the stern caused by swinging against the pier in the approach

C. permit the ship to maneuver in the stream while weighing anchors

D. eliminate navigational hazards by allowing the chain to lie along the harbor bottom

C. permit the ship to maneuver in the stream while weighing anchors

To ensure the best results during the Mediterranean moor, the chains should __________.

A. tend aft 60° from each bow

B. tend out at right angles to the bow

C. be crossed around the bow

D. tend forward 30° on either bow

D. tend forward 30° on either bow

You are making mooring lines fast to bitts, stern to, as in some Mediterranean ports. A swell is liable to make the vessel surge.

How should you tie up?

A. Use wires only from the stern and each quarter.

B. Use synthetic fiber and/or manila hawsers as required.

C. Use wires from each quarter and manila hawsers from the stern.

D. Use manila or synthetic fiber hawsers only.

D. Use manila or synthetic fiber hawsers only.

When using a Mediterranean Moor, the vessel is moored with her __________.

A. stern to the pier

B. bow to the pier

C. anchors crossed

D. anchor chains forward, side to the pier

A. stern to the pier

The anchor chain should be kept moderately taut during a Mediterranean moor to __________.

A. provide a steady platform for the gangway between the fantail and pier

B. facilitate speed of recovery during the weighing process

C. prevent damage to the stern in the event of a headwind

D. indicate the anchor's location to passing or mooring ships

C. prevent damage to the stern in the event of a headwind

After casting off moorings at a mooring buoy in calm weather, which action should you take?

A. Go half ahead on the engines and pass upstream of the buoy

B. Back away a few lengths to clear the buoy and then go ahead on the engines

C. Go half ahead on the engines and put the rudder hard right

D. Go full ahead on the engine (s)

B. Back away a few lengths to clear the buoy and then go ahead on the engines

When picking up your mooring at the buoy, which is the correct method?

A. Stop upwind and up current and drift down on the buoy

B. Approach the buoy with the wind and current astern

C. Approach the buoy with the wind and current ahead

D. Approach the buoy with wind and sea abeam

C. Approach the buoy with the wind and current ahead

You are mooring to a buoy. How should you make your approach?

A. The current should be on the beam

B. Place the current astern and drift to the buoy

C. The current should be dead ahead

D. The current should be broad on the bow

C. The current should be dead ahead

Which best describes an anchor buoy?

A. A buoy attached to the scope of an anchor chain

B. A buoy attached to the anchor

C. A mark of the number of fathoms in an anchor chain

D. A black ball that is hoisted when the ship anchors

B. A buoy attached to the anchor

When anchoring in a clay bottom, what is one hazard that may cause the anchor to drag?

A. The flukes may dig in unevenly and capsize the anchor when under stress.

B. The anchor will tend to dig in and come to rest near the vertical.

C. The anchor may get shod with clay and not develop full holding power.

D. The flukes may not dig in.

C. The anchor may get shod with clay and not develop full holding power.

Which is the BEST action to take if your vessel is dragging her anchor in a strong wind?

A. Shorten the scope of anchor cable

B. Put over a stern anchor

C. Increase the scope of anchor cable

D. Put over a sea anchor

C. Increase the scope of anchor cable

Which is the BEST method of determining if a vessel is dragging anchor?

A. Observe changes in bearings of fixed objects onshore

B. Observe how much the vessel sheers while at anchor

C. Observe the amount of line paid out

D. Note any change in the tautness of the anchor chain

A. Observe changes in bearings of fixed objects onshore

Which is the best method to stop a vessel from dragging anchor in a sand bottom?

A. Reduce the length of the cable

B. Swing the rudder several times to work the anchor into the bottom

C. Back the engines

D. Pay out more anchor cable

D. Pay out more anchor cable

You have anchored in a mud and clay bottom. The anchor appears to be dragging in a storm. What action should you take?

A. Drop the second anchor, veer to a good scope, then weigh the first anchor.

B. Drop the other anchor underfoot.

C. Veer cable to the anchor.

D. Shorten the scope of the cable.

A. Drop the second anchor, veer to a good scope, then weigh the first anchor.

What provides little or no indication that a vessel is dragging anchor?

A. Changing bearings to distant fixed objects abeam

B. Increasing radar range to a fixed object ahead

C. Vibrations felt by placing a hand on the anchor cable

D. Drift lead with the line leading perpendicular to the centerline

D. Drift lead with the line leading perpendicular to the centerline

How does a drift lead indicate that the vessel is dragging anchor?

A. The line is taut and leading under the hull

B. The line is slack and motionless

C. The line is leading out perpendicular to the centerline

D. The line is taut and leading forward

D. The line is taut and leading forward

What provides little or no indication that a vessel is dragging anchor?

A. The cable alternates between slack and heavy tension

B. Changing range to an object abeam

C. Drift lead with the line tending forward

D. Changing bearing to a fixed distant object abeam

B. Changing range to an object abeam

Your vessel is anchored in an open roadstead with three shots of chain out on the port anchor. The wind freshens considerably and the anchor begins to drag. Which action should you take FIRST?

A. Put the engines slow ahead to help the anchor.

B. Sheer out to starboard using the rudder, then drop the starboard anchor with about four shots of chain.

C. Drop the starboard anchor short with about one shot of chain.

D. Veer out more chain on the port anchor.

D. Veer out more chain on the port anchor.

When anchored, what normally occurs when you increase the scope of the anchor chain?

A. It prevents fouling of the anchor

B. It increases strain on the windlass

C. It decreases the swing of the vessel

D. It prevents dragging of the anchor

D. It prevents dragging of the anchor

Which is TRUE when you pay out more anchor cable?

A. This action will increase the possibility that your vessel will drag anchor

B. This action decreases the swing of your vessel while at anchor

C. This action decrease the holding power of your anchor

D. This action will increase the holding power of your anchor

D. This action will increase the holding power of your anchor

When dropping anchor, you are stationed at the windlass brake. Which is the most important piece(s) of personnel protection equipment?

A. Goggles

B. A hard hat

C. Gloves

D. A long sleeve shirt

A. Goggles

Which type of bottom is best suited for holding an anchor of a small boat?

A. Mud and clay

B. Gravel

C. Rocky

D. Sandy

A. Mud and clay

Which is the BETTER holding ground, for a conventional anchor?

A. A mixture of mud and clay

B. A rocky bottom

C. A shale bottom

D. A very soft mud

A. A mixture of mud and clay

Which is the correct procedure for anchoring a small to medium size vessel in deep water?

A. Let the anchor fall off the brake right from the hawsepipe, but keep a slight strain on the brake.

B. Let the anchor fall free from the hawsepipe, but apply the brake at intervals to check the rate of fall.

C. Back the anchor slowly out of the hawsepipe a few feet, and then let it fall in the normal fashion.

D. Under power, back the anchor out until it is near, but clear, of the bottom before letting it fall.

D. Under power, back the anchor out until it is near, but clear, of the bottom before letting it fall.

Which type of bottom provides most anchors with the best holding ability?

A. Soft sand

B. Soft mud

C. Sandy mud

D. Clay and rocks

C. Sandy mud

You are coming to anchor in 8 fathoms of water. In this case, how should the anchor be deployed?

A. The anchor may be dropped from the hawsepipe

B. The anchor should be lowered to the bottom then the ship backed and the remainder of the cable veered

C. The scope should be less than 3 times the depth of the water

D. The anchor should be lowered to within 2 fathoms of the bottom before being dropped

A. The anchor may be dropped from the hawsepipe

You are anchoring in 16 fathoms of water. On a small to medium size vessel, which statement is TRUE?

A. The scope should always be at least ten times the depth of the water

B. The scope should always be less than 5 times the depth of the water

C. The anchor should be lowered to within 2 fathoms of the bottom before being dropped

D. The anchor may be dropped from the hawsepipe

C. The anchor should be lowered to within 2 fathoms of the bottom before being dropped

You are on a 120,000 DWT loaded bulk carrier. When anchoring without the aid of tugs, your maximum speed should not exceed how many feet per second?

A. 1.75 (1.0 knot)

B. 1.0 (0.6 knot)

C. 1.3 (0.8 knot)

D. 0.5 (0.3 knot)

D. 0.5 (0.3 knot)

Which is the BEST holding ground for conventional anchors?

A. Very soft mud

B. Rock

C. Shale

D. Hard mud

D. Hard mud

When steaming through an anchorage, a shipmaster should __________.

A. avoid crossing close astern of the anchored ships

B. avoid crossing close ahead of the anchored ships

C. keep the ship moving at a good speed to reduce set

D. transit only on a flood tide

B. avoid crossing close ahead of the anchored ships

While anchoring your vessel, the best time to let go the anchor is when the vessel is __________.

A. moving slowly astern over the ground

B. moving fast astern over the ground

C. dead in the water

D. moving fast ahead over the ground

A. moving slowly astern over the ground

The BEST holding ground for conventional anchors is __________.

A. very soft mud

B. rock

C. shale

D. sand

D. sand

When anchoring a vessel, it is best to release the anchor when __________.

A. going full astern

B. dead in the water

C. going slow astern

D. going full ahead

C. going slow astern

When anchoring in calm water, it is best to __________.

A. wait until the vessel is dead in the water before letting go the anchor

B. maintain slight headway when letting go the anchor

C. let the anchor go from the stern with the anchor cable leading from the bow

D. have slight sternway on the vessel while letting go the anchor

D. have slight sternway on the vessel while letting go the anchor

You have arrived at your anchorage location. You have put the engines astern prior to letting go the anchor. How will you know when the vessel has stopped making way?

A. An azimuth bearing on the beam remains steady

B. The ship's Doppler log reads zero

C. The backwash of the propeller reaches amidships

D. All of the above

C. The backwash of the propeller reaches amidships

Which action should you take FIRST when preparing to hoist the anchor?

A. Put the brake in the off position

B. Engage the wildcat

C. Raise riding pawl off of the chain

D. Take off the chain stopper

B. Engage the wildcat

When weighing anchor in a rough sea, how would you avoid risk of damaging the bow plating?

A. Heave it home as fast as you can.

B. Leave the anchor under foot, until the vessel may be brought before the sea.

C. Heave it home intermittently, between swells.

D. Wait for a calm spot between seas, then house it.

B. Leave the anchor under foot, until the vessel may be brought before the sea.

Which should you check before letting the anchor go?

A. The chain is clear

B. The wildcat is disengaged

C. The anchor is clear of obstructions

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which safety check(s) should be made before letting go the anchor?

A. See that the wildcat is disengaged.

B. See that the chain is all clear.

C. See that the anchor is clear of obstructions.

D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Which would you NOT use to report the amount of anchor chain out? "Three shots __________."

A. well in the water

B. on the bottom

C. at the water's edge

D. on deck

B. on the bottom

The easiest way to anchor a vessel in a current is to __________.

A. stop all headway through the water and keep the current astern when the anchor is dropped

B. stem the current and endeavor to make neither headway nor sternway when the anchor is dropped

C. stem the current and make very slow headway when the anchor is dropped

D. stem the current and be falling aft very slowly when the anchor is dropped

D. stem the current and be falling aft very slowly when the anchor is dropped

When anchoring in a current, which statement is TRUE?

A. Drop the anchor with the bow headed downstream

B. Anchor while stemming the current

C. Back your vessel into the current

D. All of the above

B. Anchor while stemming the current

You are anchoring in a river where the current is from one direction only. The best way to lay out two anchors is to have them __________.

A. directly in line with the bow

B. on top of one another

C. side by side, with their lines on the port and starboard side

D. so that their lines form an angle

D. so that their lines form an angle

You are riding to a single anchor. The vessel is yawing excessively. Which action should be taken to reduce the yawing?

A. Drop the second anchor at the extreme end of the yaw and veer the riding anchor

B. Drop the second anchor at the extreme end of the yaw, then adjust the cables until the scope is equal

C. Veer chain to the riding anchor

D. Heave to a shorter scope of chain on the riding anchor

B. Drop the second anchor at the extreme end of the yaw, then adjust the cables until the scope is equal

Lifting the anchor from the bottom is called __________.

A. shifting the anchor

B. weighing the anchor

C. broaching the anchor

D. walking the anchor

B. weighing the anchor

What is meant by veering the anchor chain?

A. Locking the windlass to prevent more chain from running out

B. Heaving in all the chain

C. Bringing the anchor to short stay

D. Paying out more chain

D. Paying out more chain

When is a vessel wind rode?

A. When the vessel is backing into the wind

B. When the vessel must carrying lee rudder

C. When it is necessary to apply a leeway correction to the course

D. When the vessel is at anchor and heading into the wind

D. When the vessel is at anchor and heading into the wind

When is a vessel tide rode?

A. When the vessel is at anchor and stemming the current

B. When it is necessary to adjust the course steered to allow for the current

C. When the vessel is carrying extra rudder to compensate for the current

D. When the vessel is being forced off of a pier by the hydraulic effect of the current

A. When the vessel is at anchor and stemming the current

Mooring with two bow anchors has which major advantage over anchoring with one bow anchor?

A. The radius of the vessel's swing will be shortened.

B. A mooring approach may be made from any direction.

C. The vessel will not reverse direction in a tidal current.

D. The vessel will not swing with a change in wind.

A. The radius of the vessel's swing will be shortened.

What effect does lifting the shank of a Baldt Stockless anchor that is set on the bottom have?

A. the flukes will dig deeper increasing the holding power

B. the flukes will break free of the bottom

C. the probability of fouling the chain increases

D. the probability of fouling the chain decreases

B. the flukes will break free of the bottom

When a small craft's anchor fouls in a rocky bottom, the first attempt to clear it should be made by __________.

A. reversing the angle and direction of pull, with moderate scope

B. hauling vertically on the line

C. making the line fast to the bitt and bringing the vessel further forward

D. increasing the scope and running slowly in a wide circle with the anchor line taut

A. reversing the angle and direction of pull, with moderate scope