commercial turkey

Slaughter age for turkeys

M = 18-21w

F= 12-15w

Ages for different types of turkeys (broiler/ breeder)

<3w =poult/starter

3-12w=grower/finisher

>12w=finisher/pullet

Causes of chick mortality (<3wo)

Poor management

Hatchery issues

Starve out

Nutrition

Inf

Inf Causes of chick mortality (<3wo)

Yolk sac inf

Candidiasis

Viral turkey hepatitis

Coccidiosis/ crypto

Aspergillosis

Bordetella

Staph

Avian encephalomyeltits

Arizonosis

Mycotic encephalitis

Mycotic keratoconjunctivitis

Age of breeders

>30w

Egg incubation length

28d

Brooding time of year

June-Aug

Growing time of year

Jul-sept

Finishing time of year

Sept-nov

Weights for slaughter

M 17-19kg

F 5.5kg

Bact casue of turkey coryza in chicks

Bordetella

Bact causes of yolk sac inf

Salmonella, E. coli, proteus

Resp issues affecting growers (3-12w)

Mycoplasma

Turkey coryza

Turkey rhinotracheitis

Colisepticaemia

Fowl cholera

Newcastle

AI

Ornithobacterium

Lameness issues affecting growers (3-12w)

Bact arthritis

Spondyloisthesis

Non resp/lame issues affecting growers (3-12w)

Mycotoxicosis

Roundworms

Ionophores

CO

Resp issues affecting finishers/pullets (>12w)

Fowl cholera

Aspergillus

Chlamydiosis

Newcastle

AI

Ornithobacterium

Lame issues affecting finishers/pullets (>12w)

Bact arthritis

Long bone distortion

Osteomyelitis

Scoliosis

Non resp/lame issues affecting finishers/pullets (>12w)

Parasites

Pendulus crop

Turkey pox

Breast blisters

Cannibalism

Aortic rupture

Resp issues affecting layers (>30w)

Mycoplasma

Turkey rhinotracheitis

Colisepticameia

Fowl cholera

Newcastle

AI

Ornithobacterium

Turkey coryza

Lame issues affecting layers (>30w)

Bact arthritis

Spondylolisthesis

Egg production issues affecting layers (>30w)

Newcastle

AI

Paramyxovirus

Mycoplasma

Nutrition

Wet litter enteritis - factors

Breeds

Environment

Nutrition

Cocci, bact, virus

SI imbalances

Wet litter enteritis - CS

Watery D

Wet litter enteritis - Tx

AB (amoxicillin, tetracycline, tylosin)

Wet litter enteritis - Prevention

Nutrition

Water quality + hygiene + acidification

Probiotics , competitive exclusion

Eimeria species in turkeys + location of lesions

Meleagrimitis - SI

Adenoides - caecae, rectum

Coccidiosis - Dx

In all turkeys but based on lesions + FEC

Coccidiosis - prevention

Coccidiostats (lasalocid, monensin, diclazuril)

Don’t use with tiamulin

Coccidiosis - tx

AB (amoxicillin, tetracyclines, tylosin)

Toltrazuril, sulphonamides, Amprolium

Black head/ histomoniasis - cause

Histomonas meleagridis (Protozoa)

Heterakis gallinarum (worm)

Black head/ histomoniasis - Dx

PM

Black head/ histomoniasis - Prevention

Flubendazole for Heterakis

Turkey coronavirus - CS

Dep, dull, watery D

Turkey coronavirus - Dx

PCR

Astrovirus - age of inf

5-10d

Astrovirus - CS

Typhlitis

Astrovirus - Dx

PCR

Rotavirus - age of inf

2-3w

Coronavirus age of inf

9-11w

Rotavirus - CS

Enteritis, vent pecking

Rotavirus - Dx

Isolation, PCR

Rotavirus - Prevention

Hyper immune egg powder, hydration, biosecurity

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae - cause

Previous pig/ sheep farming as stays viable in organic matter

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae - Dx

CS, PM, PCR

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae prevention

Remove organis matter, vaccine

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae - Tx

AB (amoxicillin)

Ornitobacterium rhinotracheale - CS

Mild resp, lame, peritonitis

Ornitobacterium rhinotracheale - Age of inf

12-14w

Ornitobacterium rhinotracheale - Dx

PCR from oropharyngeal swab

Ornitobacterium rhinotracheale - Tx

AB

Turkey coryza- cause

Bordetella avium

Turkey coryza- CS

URT inf → secondary inf (e coli)

Turkey coryza- Dx

Serology, culture, PCR

Turkey coryza- Tx

AB (sulphonamides, tetracycline)

Turkey coryza- Prevention

Temp sensitive Vaccine

Which diseases have a vaccine

Newcastle

Fowl cholera

Avian paramyxovirus

Avian metapneumovirus

Turkey corona virus

Vaccine ROA if inactivated

Pectoral m