Day 2: Continuing Hardwrae

ATX

Standard full-size motherboard form factor designed for high expandability.

Mini-ITX

Small motherboard form factor measuring 6.7 × 6.7 inches, designed for compact systems.

Riser Card

Circuit board that plugs into a motherboard expansion slot and redirects the slot, typically at a 90-degree angle.

Bus Architecture

Set of pathways that carries data and signals between the CPU, RAM, and other devices.

Chipset

Motherboard component that manages and directs data flow between system components.

Northbridge

Chip responsible for high-speed communication between the CPU, GPU, and RAM.

Southbridge

Chip responsible for managing slower peripherals such as USB ports and audio.

RAID

Redundant Array of Independent Disks; storage technology that combines multiple drives to improve reliability and/or performance. Not a backup.

RAID Purpose

Primarily provides redundancy and protection against drive failure, but does not protect against accidental deletion, corruption, or ransomware.

RAID 0

Striping without redundancy; improves performance but provides no fault tolerance.

RAID 1

Mirroring; duplicates data across drives to provide fault tolerance.

RAID 5

Striping with parity; provides a balance of performance and redundancy.

RAID 6

Striping with dual parity; can tolerate multiple drive failures.

RAID 10

Combines mirroring and striping to provide high read/write performance and fault tolerance.

Virtual Machine (VM)

Software-based emulation of a physical computer that provides an isolated environment for an operating system and applications.

Virtual Sandbox

Isolated environment for running an operating system and applications using resources from a physical host system.

Test Environment

Environment designed to simulate a real-world production environment.

Hypervisor

Software or firmware that manages virtual machines and allocates physical system resources to them.

Type 1 Hypervisor

Bare-metal hypervisor that runs directly on the physical host hardware.

Type 2 Hypervisor

Hosted hypervisor that runs on top of a host operating system.

Container

Lightweight, portable, self-contained unit that packages an application with its dependencies so it runs consistently across environments.

Container vs. VM

Containers share the host OS kernel and do not include a guest OS, making them smaller and generally faster to start than VMs.

Container OS Kernel

Containers share the host system's operating system kernel.

Container Dependencies

Includes the application and required libraries, binaries, and configuration files.

Container Advantages

Portable, lightweight, fast to start, and easy to create or remove.

Container Scaling

Containers can be quickly started or removed, making them useful for scaling applications based on demand.