FINALS: Intro to Malignancies (6)

• Thrombosis

• Bleeding

Which complication is associated with ET?

• Platelet pheresis

• Hydroxyurea

• Anagrelide

Which treatment may be used for ET?

Demonstration of a clonal marker or absence of reactive thrombocytosis

Which finding helps distinguish ET from reactive thrombocytosis?

Thrombophlebitis and bleeding

Which is a common cause of death in ET according to the lecture?

Poorer prognosis

Patients with chromosome abnormalities in ET (Essential thrombocythemia) generally have:

Acquired clonal hematologic disorders

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are:

• Progressive cytopenias

• Defective maturation of hematopoietic lineages

• Dysplasia

MDS (Myelodysplastic syndromes) is characterized by:

AML

MDS (Myelodysplastic syndromes) carries an increased risk of transformation to:

• Erythroid

• Myeloid

• Megakaryocytic

Which lineages may show dysplastic maturation in MDS (Myelodysplastic syndromes)?

77 years

The median age of diagnosis for MDS (Myelodysplastic syndromes) in the lecture is approximately:

Pyroptosis, an inflammatory cell-death pathway

Which process contributes to ineffective hematopoiesis in MDS (Myelodysplastic syndromes)?

• Chemotherapy

• Radiation

• Germline mutation

MDS (Myelodysplastic syndromes) is uncommon in people younger than 40 unless associated with:

Cytopenia without meeting MDS (Myelodysplastic syndromes) classification criteria

Clonal cytopenia of undetermined significance (CCUS) is associated with:

Pre-MDS condition that does not meet MDS (Myelodysplastic syndromes) criteria

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is a:

Prussian blue or Perls’ stain

Ring sideroblasts are identified using:

1/3

In ring sideroblasts, iron granules surround at least what proportion of the nucleus?

• Oval macrocytes

• Macro-ovalocytes

• Dimorphic RBC population

Which RBC morphology may be seen in MDS (Myelodysplastic syndromes)?

Vitamin B12 and folate levels

MDS (Myelodysplastic syndromes) should be considered when macro-ovalocytes are present with normal:

• Hypochromic microcytic cells

• Basophilic stippling

• Howell-Jolly bodies

Which RBC finding may occur in MDS (Myelodysplastic syndromes) despite adequate iron stores?

Monocytic hyperplasia is common

Which white blood cell-related finding may occur in dysplastic bone marrow?

Copper deficiency

Which deficiency may cause reversible MDS-like changes?

• Parvovirus B19 infection

• PNH (Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria)

• Aplastic anemia

• HIV infection

Which conditions may mimic MDS (Myelodysplastic syndromes)?

10%

What percentage of dysplastic cells in a hematopoietic lineage is the threshold for diagnosing MDS (Myelodysplastic syndromes) in the lecture?

20%

The WHO blast percentage threshold for acute leukemia is:

30%

The FAB blast percentage threshold for acute leukemia cited in the lecture is: