BPSC Lab 4

Monocot leaf

Eudicot leaf

Labeled leaf diagram

Simple leaf

consists of a petiole + an undivided blade

Compound leaf

consists of a petiole + a blade that is divided to the midvein into two or more leaflets

Pinnately simple leaves

Pinnately compound leaves

Bipinnate leaf

Alternate leaves

Opposite leaves

Whorled leaves

three or more leaves emerge from the exact same node

Palmately compound leaves

Palmately simple leaves

Spiral leaves

Function of stem

support and conduction of water, nutrients, and carbohydrates via the vascular tissue

Modifications of leaves

Spines: Defense against herbivory (sharp serrations)
Carnivorous: Nutrient capture (venus, sundew)
White Spines: Reflect intense solar radiation?
Tendrils: Support/anchoring
Succulence: Water storage (e.x. stone plants, window plants)
Bulb: Food storage for onions/garlics
Plantlets: Vegetative reproduction (Kalanchoe)

Modification of stems/branches

Thorns: Protection (Rose)
Tendrils: Anchoring (e.x. grape)
Stolon: Vegetative reproduction (e.x. Kalanchoe)
Rhizomes: Food storage, Vegetative propagation (Iris plant)
Buds: Sprout into rhizomes/tubers (potato eyes)
Succulents: Water storage (cacti)
Spines can be both?

Potato is a modified stem

Modification of roots

Adventitious roots: Support (e.x. Ivy)
Tap root: Storage, Anchorage, Absorption
Tuber: Storage (e.x. sweet potato)
Lateral roots
Tendril: Support/Climbing (e.x. vanilla)

Modification of leaf blade

Pitcher (Pitcher plant): Nutrient capture

Modification of leaflet

Tendrils: Support/Climbing (Pea)

Prickles

Outgrowths of the epidermis or cortex

Spines

Modified leaves that arise from areoles or leaf axils

Can also be modified stipules or pedicels

Stolon

stem modified for vegetative reproduction

Leaflet

leaves are subdivided into these

Root function

Function of a root: anchors plant and absorbs and conducts water and minerals

Petiole

stalk-like structure that attaches the leaf to the stem

Monocot Stele vs Eudicot Stele

Pith

Eudicot (Monocot no pith)
Stem

Petiolue

stalk under a leaflet

Stipules

flaps of tissue at the base of the petiole of some leaves

Tendrils

modified leaves used to attach, climb, support

Axil

angle between the stem and the petiole

Axillary buds

Axillary meristem

usually remain dormant until the shoot apical meristem is damaged or removed

Rhizomes

underground horizontal stems
Function: Water and food storage

Label

Label

What leaf arrangement is this

Alternate

What leaf arrangement is this

Opposite

What leaf arrangement is this

Spiral

What leaf arrangement is this

Whorled

What leaf arrangement is this

Simple, unlobed

What leaf arrangement is this

Simple palmately lobed

What leaf arrangement is this

Pinnately compound

What leaf arrangement is this

Odd pinnately compound

Cacti cladode is a modified…

Stem

Benefit of using the compound microscope

Allows you to look through the specimen