Conditions exam 1

What are the 7 OT values

altruism, dignity, equality, freedom, justice, truth, prudence

what is altruism

helping others

what is dignity

respecting others

what are truth and prudence

truth = honesty, prudence = wise choices

what is the OT lens

looking at how health affects daily activities

what is unconditional positive regard

accepting people without judging them

what is person-first language

person before disability, “person with a disability”

what is identity-first language

disability first, “disabled person”

how should OTs choose disability langauge

based on person’s preference

what are the 5 social determinants

money, education, healthcare, community, neighborhood

what are the 4 parts to economic stability

jobs, money, food, housing

what are the 3 parts to social and community support

relationships. discrimination, support

what is neighborhood and built environment

safety and conditions of where people live

what are ICD-10 codes

codes for medical conditions

what are CPT codes

codes for services and treatment

what is the DSM-5-TR

manual for diagnosing mental disorders

what 2 things affect how mental illness symptoms appear

culture and life experiences

what is the ICF

shows how health affects daily life

what are the 6 parts to the ICF

health condition, body functions, activities, participation, environment, personal factors

what are body functions and structures in the ICF

body parts and functions affected

what are activity limitations in ICF

tasks a person struggles to do

what are participation restrictions in ICF

trouble taking part in life roles

what are environmental factors in ICF

outside things that help or hurt a person

what are the 3 personal factors in ICF

background, habits, coping skills

what are the 3 things you manage in mental health

daily life, relationships, challenges

what are the 3 things affected by a mental illness

thoughts, feelings, behaviors

what 4 things do OTs do in medication management

build routines, find barriers, watch side effects, report concerns

what 2 things do psychotropic medications effect

brain and mood

what are the 5 psychotropic medications

antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, benzodiazepines, stimulants

what 3 things are antipsychotics used for

psychosis, schizo, mania

what 4 things are antidepressants used for

depression, anxiety, OCD, PTSD

what 2 things are mood stabilizers for

bipolar disorder and mood swings

what 2 things are benzodiazepines used for

short term anxiety, and panic

what 2 things are stimulants used for

ADHD and narcolepsy

What are the 5 antipsychotic side effects

sleepiness, weight gain, dizziness, stiffness, tremors

what is acute dystonia

sudden muscle spasms

what 3 things are apart of drug-induced parkinsonism

stiffness, tremors, slow movement

what is tardive dyskinesia and where it happens on the body

uncontrolled repeated movements, in the face

what is NMS and the 4 parts to it

medical emergency: fever, severe stiffness, confusion, unstable vital signs

what are the 4 antidepressant side effects

nausea, headaches, sweating, sleep changes

are are the 3 antidepressant red flags

suicidal thoughts, behavior changes, serotonin syndrome

what are the 3 main mood stabilizer risks and what they cause

lithium - toxicity, valproate - liver problems, lamotrigine - rash

what are the 4 benzodiazepine side effects

sleepiness, slow reactions, memory problems, poor balance

why do benzodiazepines increase fall risk

cause dizziness and poor balance

what are the 5 stimulant side effects

poor sleep, low appetite, stomach pain, headaches, fast heart rate

what 2 ways can OT help with movement problems

adapt task and allow more time

what 2 ways can OT help with dizziness

move slowly and improve safety

what 3 ways can OT help with dry mouth, nausea, sun sensitivity

hydration, adjust meal/activity timing, use shade and protective clothing

what is affect

how emotions are shown

what is anhedonia

losing interest in things

what is avolition

lack of motivation

what are dysphoria and euphoria

negative mood, extremely happy mood

what are grandiosity and hypomania

feeling overly important, mild mania

what is psychomotor agitation

restless movement

what is psychosis

losing touch with reality

what is MDD

long lasting sadness and loss of interest

what are the 5 MDD symptoms

sleep/weight changes, low energy, poor focus, guilt, suicidal thoughts

what is PDD

depression lasting at least 2 years in adults

what is bipolar 1

at least 1 manic episode

what is bipolar 2

depression and hypomania, but not full mania

what are the 5 signs of mania

little sleep, high energy, racing thoughts, fast speech, risky behavior

what is cyclothymia

long term mild mood highs and lows

what 5 things cause mood disorders

biology, genetics, stress, trauma, grief

what 2 medications treat mood disorders

antidepressants and mood stabilizers

what does ECT stand for

electrical brain stimulation

what is rTMS

magnetic stimulation of brain cells

what is normal anxiety

temporary fear to protect us

what is an anxiety disorder

excessive worry that affects daily life

what is selective mutism

unable to speak in certain situations

what is is social anxiety

fear of being judged

what is agoraphobia

fear of places where escape or help is difficult

what is GAD

excessive worry about everyday things

what 5 things can cause anxiety

genetics, brain chemicals, stress, trauma, medical conditions

what are the 4 parts to the anxiety cycle

fear-avoidance-temporary relief-more avoidance

what are the 3 physical anxiety symptoms

tight chest, breathing problems, upset stomach

what are the other 5 anxiety symptoms

fidgeting, pacing, poor focus, irritability, avoidance

what is CBT

changing unhealthy thoughts and behaviors

what is exposure therapy

slowly facing fears

what are the 5 ways to treat anxiety

CBT, exposure, medication, exercise, relaxation

what is schizo

disorder affecting understanding of reality

what are the 4 positive symptoms of schizo

delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, abnormal behavior

what are delusions

false beliefs

what are hallucinations

seeing/hearing things that aren’t there

what are the 5 negative symptoms of schizo

less motivation, speech, pleasure, socializing, and emotion

what are alogia and asociality

less talking, avoiding people

what is anosognosia

not recognizing an illness

how is schizo diagnosed?

at least 2 symptoms over 6 months affecting daily life

what are the 4 schizo stages

premorbid, prodromal, active, chronic

what happens in the premorbid and prodromal phases of schizo

few signs, early signs

what happens in the active and chronic phases of schizo

full symptoms, ongoing symptoms

what are the 5 related schizo risk factors

genetics, brain changes, birth problems, stress, cannabis

what are 5 related psychotic disorders

delusional, brief psychotic, schizophreniform, schizoaffective, substance induced

what is schizoaffective disorder

psychosis with depression or mania

what 4 ways are used to treat schizo

antipsychotics, therapy, skill training, family support

what are obsessions and compulsions in OCD

unwanted thoughts, repeated actions to reduce anxiety

what are the 4 OCD types

harm/checking, unwanted sexual or religious thoughts, contamination, symmetry/ordering

what are the 4 related OCD disorders

hoarding, body dysmorphic, skin picking, hair pulling

what are the 3 ways to treat OCD

CBT, ERP, SSRIs