Introduction to Radiologic Technology - Comprehensive Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering health care settings, Maslow's hierarchy, patient care, learning domains, hospital organizational structure, imaging modalities, and radiographic nomenclature from the Introduction to Radiologic Technology lecture.

Hospital

An institution providing medical and surgical treatment and nursing care for sick or injured people.

Clinic

An establishment or hospital department where outpatients are given medical treatment or advice, especially of a specialist nature.

Mental Health Facility

A facility where psychiatric patients traditionally have been cared for in long-stay care; formerly called asylums or mental hospitals.

Hospice

A specialized area that provides physical comfort and emotional, social, and spiritual support for people nearing the end of life.

Ambulatory/Outpatient Care

Medical services performed on an outpatient basis, without admission to a hospital or other facility.

Personality

A combination of habitual patterns and qualities of behavior and attitudes.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - First Level

Basic physiological needs essential to life, such as food, clothing, shelter, and the will to reproduce.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Second Level

Safety needs, which are essential to growing and developing.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Third Level

The inherent need to be loved, the desire to love others, return affection, and support and care for those who love you.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Fourth Level

Esteem needs: the need to be valued, accepted, and appreciated to maintain self-esteem, self-respect, and a unique identity.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs - Fifth Level

Self-actualization: creativity, self-expression, achievement, and the desire to become the most that one can be.

Psychologic Care

Involves developing and maintaining a healthy balance between rational thoughts and emotions.

Emotionality

The quality or state of a sound emotional balance.

Objectivity

The quality or state of being objective; the ability to interpret a situation from an unbiased point of view rather than from one's own subjective view.

Stress

A response that can occur when your behavior or that of another fails to produce the desired or expected results.

Conflict

The tension that results from disagreements between incompatible needs or drives, either within oneself or with others.

Intentional Memorization

Memorization that occurs in your deliberate pursuit of knowledge in a systematic or planned study situation.

Critical Thinking

An ability to look at a situation from a variety of perspectives.

Preventive/Routine Care

The application of healthcare measures to prevent diseases.

Home Health Care

A wide range of health care services that the patient can get at home to treat certain illnesses or injuries.

Telemedicine

The use of electronic information and communication technologies to provide and support health care when distance separates the participants.

Philosophy

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline.

Governing Board

The highest decision-making authority within an organization, comprising a small group of directors who establish policies and provide strategic guidance.

Hospital Administration

A field relating to leadership, management, and administration of public health systems, healthcare systems, hospitals, and hospital networks in primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors.

Allied Health Professionals

Professionals involved with the delivery of health or related services pertaining to the identification, evaluation, and prevention of diseases and disorders.

Sterilization

The complete removal or destruction of all microorganisms, including spores.

Autoclave Sterilization Standard

Moist heat steam sterilization set at $121\,^\circ\text{C}$ for $15\,\text{min}$.

Hot Air Oven Sterilization Standard

Dry heat sterilization set at $160\text{--}170\,^\circ\text{C}$ for $2\,\text{hrs}$.

Institutional Accreditation

A form of educational accreditation that seeks to assess the overall quality and integrity of an institution.

Specialized/Programmatic Accreditation

A form of educational accreditation that seeks to address educational endeavors at the program level.

Joint Review Committee on Education in Radiologic Technology (JRCERT)

Organization approved to evaluate the quality and integrity of individual Radiologic Technology programs.

Cognitive Learning

Classroom lectures and demonstrations of theories, as well as the facts and background information necessary to understand a specific body of knowledge.

Affective Learning

Learning domain that involves attitudes, values, and feelings.

Psychomotor Learning

The actual hands-on phase—the application of previously learned didactic material in clinical situations.

Clinical Competency Evaluation

A method of standardizing the evaluation of a student radiographer's performance in the clinical setting.

Outside Customers

People from outside the hospital, such as patients, their families, physicians, and others within the community.

Inside Customers

Members of other departments (e.g., nursing units, emergency department), coworkers, and radiologists within the healthcare facility.

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

German physicist who discovered X-rays in 1895.

Fluoroscopy

A type of X-ray imaging that provides real-time video images, creating 'live action' images of the body as it functions.

Computed Tomography (CT)

An imaging technology using X-ray beams to take multiple images from different angles, which are combined by a computer to create cross-sectional or 3D images.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

An imaging modality that uses powerful magnets and radio waves to create detailed images of organs and soft tissues without ionizing radiation.

Ultrasound

An imaging technology using high-frequency sound waves to produce non-invasive images of internal organs and blood flow.

Nuclear Medicine

An imaging branch involving injecting or swallowing small amounts of radioactive substances to evaluate organ function rather than structure.

Interventional Radiology

A subspecialty that uses imaging technologies such as fluoroscopy, CT, or ultrasound to guide minimally invasive procedures.

Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC)

Device that converts image information into numerical data.

Automatic Exposure Control (AEC)

Ionization chamber located between the patient and the image receptor.

Anode

The positive electrode in the x-ray tube.

Cathode

The negative electrode in the x-ray tube.

Artifact

An unwanted marking on a radiographic image.

Automatic Collimation (PBL)

Positive beam limitation; the ability of equipment to collimate automatically the x-ray beam to the size of the image receptor resting in the bucky tray.

Bucky

Short for Potter-Bucky diaphragm; a moving grid used to remove scatter radiation from the remnant beam.

Collimator

Box-like structure attached to the x-ray tube containing lead shutters that limit the x-ray beam to a specific area of the body.

Computed Radiography (CR)

Digital radiographic imaging using a cassette containing an imaging plate coated with photostimulable phosphors.

Direct Radiography (DR)

Digital radiography using fixed detectors that directly communicate with a computer.

Contrast

The visible difference between two selected areas of brightness in the radiographic image.

Distortion

Misrepresentation of the size or shape of the object as recorded in the radiographic image.

Grid

A device placed between the patient and the image receptor that absorbs scatter radiation exiting the body.

kilovoltage peak (kVp)

Voltage applied to the x-ray tube which determines the wavelength of the x-ray beam and its ability to penetrate the body.

milliampere-seconds (mAs)

The product of milliamperage and time; determines the overall quantity of x-rays produced and patient radiation exposure.

Remnant Beam (Exit Radiation)

The x-ray beam that exits the patient, composed of image-forming rays and scatter radiation.

Scatter Radiation

X-rays emanating from the patient in divergent paths rather than straight to the image receptor.

Spatial Resolution

The sharpness of the structural edges in the radiographic image; the smallest detail that can be detected.

Source-to-Image Receptor Distance (SID)

Distance from the source of radiation (x-ray tube anode) to the image receptor.

Object-to-Image Receptor Distance (OID)

Distance from the body part being examined to the image receptor.

Three Cardinal Principles of Radiation Protection

Time, distance, and shielding.

Pixel (Picture Element)

The smallest component of a matrix in a digital image.

Voxel (Volume Element)

A 3D section of tissue represented by a pixel.

Window Level

Midpoint of densities in a digital image, used to adjust image brightness.

Window Width

Parameter used to adjust the contrast of a digital image.