Integument

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Last updated 8:23 AM on 10/7/26
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23 Terms

1
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integument? fxns?

  • skin

  • outer covering of body

  • functions:

    • protection

    • prevention of water loss

    • temperature regulation

    • metabolic regulation

    • immune defense

    • sensory reception

    • excretion by means of secretion


2
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epidermis

  • superficial epithelial layer

  • 4 - 5 layers

  • consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

  • thicker in areas exposed to friction


<ul><li><p>superficial epithelial layer</p></li><li><p>4 - 5 layers</p></li><li><p>consists of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium</p></li><li><p>thicker in areas exposed to friction</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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dermis

  • deep to epidermis

  • made primarily of dense irregular connective tissue

  • 2 layers:

    • papillary

    • reticular


<ul><li><p>deep to epidermis</p></li><li><p>made primarily of dense irregular connective tissue</p></li><li><p>2 layers:</p><ul><li><p>papillary</p></li><li><p>reticular</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
4
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subcutaneous layer

  • hypodermis / superficial fascia

  • connective tissue layer

  • attaches skin to structures beneath it

  • skin considered organ

  • consists of:

    • areolar CT

    • adipose CT


<ul><li><p>hypodermis / superficial fascia</p></li><li><p>connective tissue layer</p></li><li><p>attaches skin to structures beneath it</p></li><li><p>skin considered organ</p></li><li><p>consists of:</p><ul><li><p>areolar CT</p></li><li><p>adipose CT</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
5
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layers of the epidermis (deep to superficial)

(stratum)

  • basale

  • spinosum

  • granulosum

  • lucidum (thick skin only)

  • corneum

(boys say girls like corn)


<p>(stratum)</p><ul><li><p>basale</p></li><li><p>spinosum</p></li><li><p>granulosum</p></li><li><p>lucidum (thick skin only)</p></li><li><p>corneum</p></li></ul><p>(boys say girls like corn)</p><p></p>
6
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stratum basale

  • deepest of the epidermis

  • consists of darkly stained cells

  • closest to dermis


<ul><li><p>deepest of the epidermis</p></li><li><p>consists of darkly stained cells</p></li><li><p>closest to dermis</p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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stratum spinosum

  • serveral layers

  • contain numerous spines on surfaces connecting adjacent cells


<ul><li><p>serveral layers</p></li><li><p>contain numerous spines on surfaces connecting adjacent cells</p></li></ul><p></p>
8
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stratum granulosum

  • three to five layers

    • contain numerous dark granules


<ul><li><p>three to five layers</p><ul><li><p>contain numerous dark granules</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
9
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stratum lucidum

  • only thick skin

  • appears clear or white


<ul><li><p>only thick skin</p></li><li><p>appears clear or white</p></li></ul><p></p>
10
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stratum corneum

  • most superficial stratum

  • 20 - 30 layers

    • dead, anucleated cells (keratinocytes)

    • on free surface of epithelium


<ul><li><p>most superficial stratum</p></li><li><p>20 - 30 layers </p><ul><li><p>dead, anucleated cells (keratinocytes)</p></li><li><p>on free surface of epithelium</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
11
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papillary layer

  • superficial dermis layer

  • deep to stratum basale of epidermis

  • thin and light staining

  • dermal papillae


<ul><li><p>superficial dermis layer</p></li><li><p>deep to stratum basale of epidermis</p></li><li><p>thin and light staining</p></li><li><p>dermal papillae</p></li></ul><p></p>
12
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dermal papillae

  • named for structures which protrude from this layer into the epidermis


<ul><li><p>named for structures which protrude from this layer into the epidermis</p></li></ul><p></p>
13
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reticular layer

  • deep to papillary layer

  • much thicker

  • contains large, coarse bundles of collagen fibers

  • usually darker staining


<ul><li><p>deep to papillary layer</p></li><li><p>much thicker</p></li><li><p>contains large, coarse bundles of collagen fibers</p></li><li><p>usually darker staining</p></li></ul><p></p>
14
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Hair contains:

  • hair follicle: oblique tube w/ epithelial sheath surrounded by CT

  • arrector pili muscle


<ul><li><p>hair follicle: oblique tube w/ epithelial sheath surrounded by CT</p></li><li><p>arrector pili muscle</p></li></ul><p></p>
15
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Nails

  • modificaction of stratum corneum of epidermis


16
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Glands

  • sweat glands

  • sebaceous glands


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sweat glands

  • secrete perspiration through swewat ducts

  • cools body


<ul><li><p>secrete perspiration through swewat ducts</p></li><li><p>cools body</p></li></ul><p></p>
18
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sebaceous glands

  • secrete sebum/oil

  • lubicrates skin and hair


<ul><li><p>secrete sebum/oil</p></li><li><p>lubicrates skin and hair</p></li></ul><p></p>
19
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keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

  • darker stained surface

  • consists of an epithelium with many layers of cells

  • layer closer to the basement membrane appear darker and more rounded

  • layers closer to free surface: lighter, flattended, indistinct

  • basement membrane: wavy or rolling, not parallel to apical surface


<ul><li><p>darker stained surface</p></li><li><p>consists of an epithelium with many layers of cells</p></li><li><p>layer closer to the basement membrane appear darker and more rounded</p></li><li><p>layers closer to free surface: lighter, flattended, indistinct</p></li><li><p>basement membrane: wavy or rolling, not parallel to apical surface</p></li></ul><p></p>
20
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areolar CT

  • loose CT

  • loose arrangement of fibers

    • papillary layer of dermis


<ul><li><p>loose CT</p></li><li><p>loose arrangement of fibers</p><ul><li><p>papillary layer of dermis</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
21
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adipose connective tissue

  • contains large numbers of fat cells: adipocytes

    • appear as large, pale cells

    • nucleus pushed off to one edge

  • subcutaneous layer


<ul><li><p>contains large numbers of fat cells: adipocytes</p><ul><li><p>appear as large, pale cells </p></li><li><p>nucleus pushed off to one edge</p></li></ul></li><li><p>subcutaneous layer</p></li></ul><p></p>
22
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Dense irregular connective tissue

  • dark pink tissue deep to darker epithelium at free surface

  • collagen fiber bundles arranged randomly

  • reticular layer of dermis


<ul><li><p>dark pink tissue deep to darker epithelium at free surface</p></li><li><p>collagen fiber bundles arranged randomly</p></li><li><p>reticular layer of dermis</p></li></ul><p></p>
23
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integument model

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