Unit 5 AP Gov

Retrospective voting

Evaluation of past actions

Prospective voting

proposed inititatives and campaing promises

Partyline Voting

Prioritizing Party affliliation

Voter turnout

Eligible voters who axtually show up

Structural Barriers to voting

Physical and structural deterents that could prevent a full voter turnout like polling hours, working hours, and voter ID

Linkage Instituations

An organization meant to bridge the gap between citizens and government

Federal Election Campaign Act

A law that was set in place to limit PAC donations

Buckley V Valeo

Allowed candidates to send donations to their own campaing(not limited by congress)

Spoiler Effect

3rd party’s tendency to split votes during electiosn

Iron triangle

The triad between the legilative branch, interest group, and agency

Freeriders

Non affiliated members recieve benefit and water down the amount of impact (usuallly through funds/ recruitment)

Political Actors

Groups or organizations that influence policy changes

Single issue groups

An interest group that focuses on a single issue and explores just withing their perameters. Usually more effective because of their focus.

Prohibition movement

Social movement led by women to end alcohol usage. Was both succeful in its passing but unsuccessful when it came to upholding.

Incumbant

Officer who previously held office increasing their successrate by 90%

Open Primary

Allows any eligible voter to vote for a candidate

Closed Primary

Only registed party voter can vote for election

Caucus

Open floor debate between candidate and citizens

Electoral College

Representatives selct candidate for office mostly based on popular vote

Gerrymadering

Manipulation of boundaries to favor a political group

Congressional Elections

Held every 2 years during midterms voting for House of representatives and senate

Franking priviledges

Incumbants are allowed to send mail to supportors free of charge for a designated amount.

Packing

Concetration of similar voters into a lesser amount of districts

Cracking

Spreading a group of voters to dillute a electoral outcome

Semi closed primary

Voters with no prior affiliation may vote for candidate of their choosing

PACs Political Action commitee

Interest groups,organization, or r companies with money to spend towards a political campaign

Campaign reform of 2002

Legally forces campaigns to disclose their affiliation or involvement

Citizens Vs Federal Elections Comission

Ruled that companies money is a form of self expression and therefore couldn’t involve congress. They couldn’t however send it directly to the candidate.

Media Linkage

Connection of people online to political affairs

Investigative Journalism

Reporters look at hidden problems and truths to hold government accountable

News Events

Basic report of news events and recap over passing events

Horce race journalism

A particular focus on the popular polling candidate

Muckracking

Specific Investigative Journalism during the progressive era led to long lasting social reforms

Media Bias

Ideoligical prefence set by the algorithm to affirm users pallet

Willie Horton Ad

Set the standard for political slander in the media. Could now use oppositions actions as a social detterent for their campaign.

Strong tie activism

Long lasting effects that ripple through its passing, held close and deep to participants hearts

Loose tie Activism

More of a spectacle for of action, less personal, focus on acknolegdement instead of action

Critical consumption

More aware media consuption to prevent media bias through ingesting reliabel sources and not focusing on one party

Two Party System

2 major parties dominate the public perception

Priming

Exposure to a stimulus creates an unconcious bias