Ch 14

Define a joint

where two or more bones meet

Define a tendon

connects bone to muscle

Define a ligament

connects bone to bone

Define cartilage

flexible tissue to reduce friction and impact

Define long bones

longer than wide

Define short bones

similar length and width

Define flat bones

thin, often curved

Define irregular bones

other shaped bones

Define sesamoid bones

found in tendons

Define sutural bones

small bones within sutures

What bones are in the axial skeleton

skull, ribcage, vertebrae

What bones are in the appendicular skeleton

bones of the limbs and shoulder and pelvis

What is the purpose of the skull being made of multiple flat bones that fuse during childhood

allows the skull to be compressed during childbirth

Describe compact bone

hard, smooth, dense; found on the outside layer of bone; majority of bone mass

Describe spongy bone

porous appearance; inner region of bone; contains bone marrow

Describe red bone marrow

formation of blood cells; all marrow is red as infants

Describe yellow bone marrow

energy and fat reserves; more yellow marrow starts to form as we age

How does the long bone change with growth

the epiphyseal plate allows growth and becomes the epiphyseal line at maturity

What is the relationship between bones and blood? Do bones have blood vessels?

red bone marrow is where new blood cells develop; yes

What are the three types of bone cells

osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts; make up 2% of the bone (most are osteocytes, 90%)

Describe osteocytes

maintenance and communication, detects stress on bone

Describe osteoblasts

build bone

Describe osteoclasts

break down bone

Why do newborns have more bones and cartilage than adults? How does the skeleton change as they grow

cartilage skeleton of fetus turn to bone through ossification throughout childhood

Explain why bones are active, living tissue

blood vessels, remodeling, productions of rbcs, repair, mineral storage (homeostasis), growth

Define remodeling

the constant absorption and replacement of bone even after skeletal maturity