GE ELEC Midterm Exam Reviewer - Gender & Society

Comprehensive practice flashcards for the GE ELEC Midterm Exam covering gender concepts, psychological and sociological theories, SOGIE and human rights frameworks, Philippine legal statutes, and interpersonal violence.

What are the etymological roots of the word "patriarchy"?

It is derived from Greek etymological roots.

How is patriarchy defined in Gender & Society?

A social system where men primarily hold institutional power and structural authority.

What is a patrilineal society?

A societal structure where property rights, inheritance, and family lineage pass exclusively through the male line.

When and by what movement was the term "sexism" popularized?

It was popularized by the Women's Liberation Movement during the late 1960s.

How does UNESCO define feminism and feminist theory?

It is aimed at defining, establishing, and achieving the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes.

What is the core focus of feminist theory?

Analyzing social structures and women's issues through women's experiences and opposing laws or structures that limit women's opportunities.

What is gender mainstreaming?

A strategy mandated by Philippine law (such as the Magna Carta of Women) to integrate gender perspectives into state policies and government programs.

Which Philippine law is specifically cited as mandating gender mainstreaming?

The Magna Carta of Women.

Who formulated Gender Schema Theory, and in what year?

Sandra Bem in 1981.

What was Gender Schema Theory formulated to explain?

How children process gender-typed information.

Under the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), when is an individual categorized as "Androgynous"?

When they score high on both the masculinity and femininity scales.

What is the focus of Kohlberg's Cognitive-Developmental Theory?

How children develop morality and moral reasoning through sequential stages.

What primarily dictates moral choices and reasoning in Level 1 (Preconventional Morality) of Kohlberg's theory?

Adult expectations, rules, and avoiding punishment.

How does the Functionalist Perspective view traditional masculine traits socialized into boys?

It views them as rationality, self-assuredness, and competitiveness.

How does the Conflict Perspective explain sexual violence and deviance?

As a manifestation of unequal power dynamics where dominant groups assert control over weaker groups.

What is the definition of sexual deviance?

Sexual behaviors that violate a community's accepted social norms and legal boundaries.

What is the clinical definition of paraphilia?

Recurrent, intense sexual arousal to atypical objects, situations, or non-consenting entities.

What are The Yogyakarta Principles?

Global standards applying international human rights laws specifically in relation to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity (SOGIE).

What does the acronym SOGIE stand for?

Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity.

What specific human rights violations in relation to SOGIE are highlighted in the reviewer?

Extra-judicial killings, torture/ill-treatment, and denial of educational opportunities.

How does the UNHCR define Gender-Based Violence (GBV)?

Any harmful act perpetrated against a person's will based on socially ascribed (gender) differences.

Who are statistically identified as the disproportionately affected victims of Gender-Based Violence worldwide?

Women and girls.

What are the key barriers to reporting Gender-Based Violence?

Societal stigma, victim-blaming, fear of retaliation, and fear of losing employment or academic status.

What is the title or common name of Republic Act 7877?

Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995.

What environments are covered under RA 7877?

Work, education, and training environments.

What requirement regarding the offender must be met under RA 7877?

The offender must possess authority, influence, or moral ascendancy over the victim.

What two categories of sexual harassment are penalized under RA 7877?

Quid Pro Quo and Hostile Environment harassment.

What is the title and common name of Republic Act 11313?

Safe Spaces Act (commonly known as the "Bastos Law").

How does the Safe Spaces Act (RA 11313) expand protection beyond previous harassment laws?

It expands protection to public spaces, streets, online platforms, and peer-to-peer relationships.

Does RA 11313 require an offender to hold authority or moral ascendancy to penalize sexual harassment?

No, it penalizes sexual harassment even without authority or moral ascendancy.

What committee does the Safe Spaces Act (RA 11313) mandate within institutions?

CODI (Committee on Decorum and Investigation).

What is the common title of Republic Act 9262?

Anti-VAWC Act.

Who receives legal protection under Republic Act 9262 (Anti-VAWC Act)?

Women and their children.

What forms of domestic abuse are covered under the Anti-VAWC Act (RA 9262)?

Physical, psychological, sexual, and economic domestic abuse.

What is the title of Republic Act 8353?

Anti-Rape Law of 1997.

How did RA 8353 reclassify the crime of rape in the Philippines?

It reclassified rape from a crime against chastity to a crime against persons.

How does RA 8353 differentiate rape from sexual harassment?

It defines rape as non-consensual physical sexual acts or penetration, differentiating it from sexual harassment.

What is the common title of Republic Act 9208 and Republic Act 10364?

Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act.

What is the key scope of RA 9208 and RA 10364?

It comprehensively criminalizes human trafficking, including sex trafficking and exploitation.

What is the title or common name of Republic Act 6955?

Anti-Mail Order Bride Law.

What is the protective purpose of the Anti-Mail Order Bride Law (RA 6955)?

It protects Filipino women from commercialized international marriage exploitation schemes.

What constitutes Peer-to-Peer Sexual Harassment under the Safe Spaces Act (RA 11313)?

Unwelcome sexual remarks or gestures made by colleagues or peers who do not hold authority over the victim.

What behaviors are categorized as Catcalling & Street Harassment under RA 11313?

Unwanted slurs, leering, persistent sexual jokes, catcalling, and unwanted comments in public spaces.

How is Cyber Sexual Harassment defined under the Safe Spaces Act (RA 11313)?

Using digital platforms to terrorize, intimidate, or harass victims through unwanted sexual remarks, threats, or intimate photo sharing.

According to the Foundation for Media Alternatives (FMA), which platforms are most exploited for cyber sexual harassment?

Facebook and Messenger.

What is gaslighting in the context of interpersonal violence?

Psychological manipulation aimed at making a victim doubt their own perceptions, memory, or sanity.

What does the domestic abuse tactic of isolation entail?

Preventing a victim from establishing or maintaining social connections with family, friends, and support networks.

What is verbal abuse in domestic and interpersonal violence?

Derogatory words, threats, and insults used to degrade, intimidate, or control a victim.

What constitutes financial control (economic violence)?

Withholding money, monitoring spending, or preventing a victim from gaining economic independence.

What is forced pregnancy in the context of reproductive coercion?

Pressuring or manipulating an individual into pregnancy against their will through abuse or birth control tampering.