chapter 5 liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

liver

located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, manufactures a thick, orange-black, sometimes greenish, fluid called bile

bile

contains cholesterol, bile acids, and several bile pigments

bilirubin

produced from the breakdown of hemoglobin during normal red blood cell destruction. travels via the bloodstream to the liver, where it is conjugated or converted into a water-soluble form

jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia)

yellow discoloration of the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes

gallbladder

pear-shaped sac under the liver, which stores and concentrates the bile for later use

common bile duct

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum

pancreas

organ behind the stomach; produces insulin (for transport of sugar into cells) and enzymes (for digestion of foods)

lipase

pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

protease

enzyme that digests protein

insulin

hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas. it helps transport sugar into body cells

glucose

simple sugar

glycogen

starch; glucose is stored in the form of glycogen in liver cells

glycogenolysis

process where the liver converts stored glycogen back into glucose

portal vein

large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

amylase

enzyme (-ase) secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands to digest starch (amyl/o)