Pediatric Gastrointestinal Disorders and Dehydration Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering pediatric gastrointestinal conditions, post-op interventions, dehydration levels, and enteral feeding protocols based on the lecture material.

Cleft Lip

An incomplete fusion of the oral cavity that should close around 6 to 8 weeks of pregnancy, occurring in 1 in 700 infants; surgical repair is typically performed at 2 to 3 months of age.

Cheiloplasty

The surgical revision or repair procedure for a cleft lip.

Cleft Palate

An incomplete fusion of the palate repaired at 6 to 12 months; post-op care requires a side-lying position, NPO for 4 hours then liquids for 3 to 4 days, elbow restraints as needed, and no pacifiers or nipples.

Staphylorrhaphy

The surgical revision or repair procedure for a cleft palate.

Pyloric Stenosis

Thickening of the pyloric sphincter muscle, presenting with projectile vomiting with signs of hunger, dehydration, and an olive-shaped mass in the right upper quadrant (RUQ).

Pyloromyotomy

A laparoscopic surgical procedure used to treat pyloric stenosis by cutting the muscle layer to expand the sphincter while leaving the mucosal layer exposed but not cut.

Intussusception

Telescoping or folding of a section of intestine into another section, which can lead to bowel obstruction or ischemic bowel; characterized by red currant jelly stool, a sausage-shaped abdominal mass, and pain when drawing knees to chest.

Celiac Disease

A genetic and autoimmune disorder requiring strict avoidance of barley, rye, and wheat; symptoms include diarrhea, constipation, steatorrhea (foul-smelling, oily stool), anemia, and dental problems.

Gastroesophageal Reflux (GER)

Condition where gastric content flows back into the esophagus, usually resolving by 1 year of age; signs in infants include spitting up, vomiting blood, failure to thrive (FTT), and arching of the back.

Mild Dehydration

Dehydration characterized by $3\text{--}5\%$ weight loss.

Moderate Dehydration

Dehydration characterized by $6\text{--}9\%$ weight loss, decreased skin turgor on the abdomen, and a sunken fontanel.

Severe Dehydration

Dehydration characterized by $10\%$ or greater weight loss, sunken fontanel, tented skin, extreme thirst, and oliguria; requires emergency IV fluid and electrolyte replacement.

Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS)

An oral solution (such as Pedialyte) used to treat mild to moderate dehydration by replacing electrolytes and zinc lost during diarrhea and vomiting.

Rotavirus

A virus transmitted via the fecal-oral route that serves as the most common cause of diarrhea in children under 5 years old.

Enterobius (Pinworm)

A parasitic infection transmitted via the fecal-oral route, causing perianal itching and enuresis; treated with oral Mebendazole (chewed or crushed).

Tape Test

A diagnostic method used to collect and identify Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) eggs.

Appendix

A pouch-like tube connected to the cecum, where the small intestine attaches to the colon.

Appendicitis

Inflammation of the appendix characterized by pain in the right lower quadrant (RLQ) at McBurney's sign, a rigid abdomen, and decreased or absent bowel sounds.

McBurney's Sign

Right lower quadrant (RLQ) abdominal pain associated with appendicitis.

Nasogastric Enteral Feedings

Feeding method via a nasogastric tube where placement is verified by stomach pH of 5 or less; feeds are given at room temperature without pre-flushing, taking $15\text{--}30\,\text{min}$, followed by a flush with $1\text{--}15\,\text{mL}$ of sterile water.