Untitled Flashcards Set

What happens in an ectopic pregnancy?

Pregnancy where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus.

What does endometriosis refer to?

Growth of tissue outside the uterus.

What is the first menstrual period called?

Menarche

Menopause is defined as?

The end of the menstrual cycle.

What does the suffix -otomy mean?

Incision

What does the suffix -ostomy mean?

Opening (creation of).

What does the suffix -oma mean?

Tumor.

Aspermia refers to:

Complete absence of sperm.

What is the study of men's health called?

Andrology.

What suffix means surgical repair of?

-plasty

What medical term means decreased urine production?

Oliguria.

What gland in the endocrine system is the master gland?

Pituitary gland.

What hormone stimulates a mother's milk production for her infant?

Prolactin.

Overproduction of growth hormone in children is called?

Gigantism.

Overproduction of growth hormone in adults is called?

Acromegaly.

What does the suffix -ic mean?

Pertaining to.

What is Hematemesis?

Vomiting blood.

What does the suffix -ectomy mean?

Surgical removal.

What does gastr/o mean?

Stomach.

What does the word root Enter/o mean?

Intestines.

What does the prefix Dys- mean?

Painful or difficult.

Difficulty breathing can be described as?

Dyspnea.

Which part of the brain controls the rate and depth of breathing?

Medulla Oblongata.

What is the term for an excessive immune response to a harmless substance?

Hypersensitivity.

Which type of cell is the main cell involved in the immune response?

Leukocytes.

What does the suffix -poiesis mean?

Formation.

A bulging blood vessel due to a weakened vessel wall is called?

Aneurysm.

A blood clot inside a blood vessel is called?

Thrombus.

What specific blood type can receive red blood cells from any other blood type?

AB Blood type.

What type of blood can be donated to anyone?

O Blood type.

What cell type controls blood clotting?

Platelets.

What word parts mean vein?

Phleb/o and ven/o.

What is the term for a reduction in blood flow to tissues, leading to a lack of oxygen?

Ischemia.

Bone Marrow function

Responsible for the formation of blood cells

Function of Lymph Nodes

Removes pathogens and debris from debris; produces and store cells that fight infection.

Function of spleen

Filters blood to remove microbes and other materials; helps fight infection

Function of Thymus

Where T cells mature

What do Veins do?

Bring blood towards the heart

What do arteries do?

Bring blood away from the body.

Systemic Cicuit

The part of the circulatory system which delivers oxygen rich blood from the heart to the rest of the body, and brings back deoxygenated blood.

Pulmonary Circuit

The part of the circulatory system that carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart.

Normal BP

120/80

Normal adult pulse

60 to 100

Function of Leukocytes

Leukocytes, or white blood cells, are essential components of the immune system, responsible for defending the body against infections and foreign invaders.

Function of erythrocytes

Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, are responsible for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues and carrying carbon dioxide back to the lungs for exhalation.

Function of Platelets

Platelets, or thrombocytes, are small cell fragments that play a crucial role in blood clotting and wound healing by aggregating at the site of injury to form a plug.

Hematologist

Specialists who diagnose and treat blood disorders.

Phlebotomoist

Professionals who trained to draw blood from the vein.

Diseases of the Immune and Lymphatic System:

AIDS, HDN, SCID

Primary function of the lymphatic system:

To maintain fluid balance and support immune function.

Define Passive Immunity

The immunity acquired through the transfer of antibodies from another source, such as mother to child during breastfeeding or through injections.

Define Active Immunity

The immunity acquired through the body's own production of antibodies in response to an antigen, typically after infection or vaccination.

Lymphoma

form of cancer in which masses of malignant T and/or B lymphocytes collect in lymph nodes

Lymphadema

condition in which lymphatic fluid builds up in the body’s soft tissues.

Primary Immune Response:

occurs when the immune system encounters a pathogen for the first time. This response takes time to develop and is relatively slow. 

Secondary Immune Response:

occurs upon subsequent exposures to the same pathogen. This response is stronger and faster than primary response. 

Type I Hypersensitivity

an allergic reaction mediated leading to symptoms like itching, swelling, and anaphylaxis. (Anaphylactic Shock)

Type II Hypersensitivity

occurs during mismatched blood transfusions and blood compatibility diseases

Type III Hypersensivity

Occurs with diseases such as systemic lupus erythmatosus.

Type IV Hypersensitivity

Delayed hypersensitivity - takes 24-72 hours to develop

Where does gas exchange take place?

The alveoli

Pneumothorax

air in the chest cavity. An abnormal collection of air in the space between the thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and the chest cavity.

Hemothorax

blood in the chest cavity. Hemorrhage within the pleural cavity.

What happens in the respiratory system during an asthma attack?

Inflammation and edema of the airway

Bronchospasms

Describe the pathway that air follows from the nose to the alveoli.

Nose/Mouth to pharynx to larynx to trachea to bronchi then to alveoli

What is the definition of respiratory rate? And what is normal the normal respiratory rate for adults?

Respiratory Rate = amount of breaths taken per minute

Normal RR - 12-18 or 12-20

What is ventilation?

the process of moving air into and out of the lungs

A patient with hypercapnia has what:

Too much carbon dioxide in the blood stream

What type of breathing are you doing at rest?

Quiet breathing

When you take a deep breath, what type of breathing is that?

Diaphragmatic breathing

After doing some exercise, what type of breathing are you doing?

Forced Breathing