AP Chem Solubility rules, Gases that form, and Strong Acids

Group 1 Metals (Li⁺,Na⁺,K⁺,Rb⁺, Cs⁺)

Always soluble

Ammonium (NH₄⁺)

Always soluble

Nitrate (NO₃⁻)

Always soluble

Chlorate (ClO₃⁻)

Always soluble

Perchlorate (ClO₄⁻)

Always soluble

Acetate (C₂H₃O₂⁻)

Always soluble

Chloride (Cl⁻)

Generally soluble, Exceptions: Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg₂²⁺

Bromide (Br⁻)

Generally soluble, Exceptions: Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg₂²⁺

Iodide (I⁻)

Generally soluble, Exceptions: Ag⁺, Pb²⁺, Hg₂²⁺

Fluoride (F⁻)

Generally soluble, Exceptions: Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Pb²⁺, Ba²⁺, Mg²⁺

Sulfate (SO₄²⁻)

Generally soluble, Exceptions: Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Pb²⁺, Ba²⁺

Oxide (O²⁻)

Generally insoluble, Exceptions: Group 1 metals and NH₄⁺. Somewhat soluble with: Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺

Hydroxide (OH⁻)

Generally insoluble, Exceptions: Group 1 metals and NH₄⁺. Somewhat soluble with: Ca²⁺, Sr²⁺, Ba²⁺

Carbonate (CO₃²⁻)

Generally insoluble, Exceptions: Group 1 metals and NH₄⁺

Phosphate (PO₄³⁻)

Generally insoluble, Exceptions: Group 1 metals and NH₄⁺

Sulfide (S²⁻)

Generally insoluble, Exceptions: Group 1 metals and NH₄⁺

Sulfite (SO₃²⁻)

Generally insoluble, Exceptions: Group 1 metals and NH₄⁺

Oxalate (C₂O₄²⁻)

Generally insoluble, Exceptions: Group 1 metals and NH₄⁺

Chromate (CrO₄²⁻)

Generally insoluble, Exceptions: Group 1 metals and NH₄⁺

H₂CO₃

Forms CO₂ + H₂O

H₂SO₃

Forms SO₂ + H₂O

HNO₂

Forms NO + NO₂ + H₂O

NH₄OH

Forms NH₃ + H₂O

HF

Weak acid

HC₂H₃O₂

Weak Acid

HBr

Strong Acid

HCl

Strong Acid

HI

Strong Acid

HClO₄

Strong Acid

HNO₃

Strong Acid

HIO₄

Strong Acid

H₂SO₄

Strong Acid

HClO₃

Strong Acid