Cardio Derm

Marfan’s Syndrome High Yield Overview

Autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder, mutation in FBN1 which codes for fibrillin-1(acts as scaffold for elastin)→ weak elastic tissue

Marfan’s Syndrome Exam findings

Lens dislocation(ectopia lentis), arched palate, pectus excavatum, stretchy skin, scoliosis, long bones, tall stature, hyperflexible,stretch marks

Marfan Syndrome Cardiac findings

Mitral valve prolapse, aortic valve insufficiency, aortic root dilatation, aortic dissection/rupture

Stasis Dermatitis

Bilateral prolonged veinous pooling that irritates skin causing blisters and plaques mostly on anterior legs, Seen in patients with DM and vascular disease. Tx with compression socks. Can advance to venous stasis ulcers.

Venous statis ulcers

End point of Stasus Dermatitis→small vessel circulation becomes so poor skin breaksdown and ulcers develop on anterior legs (painful). Tx with compression socks to reduce venous pooling

Arterial Ulcers

Result of occlusion of small arteries that supply the skin, seen in peripheral artery disease, very painful; most common on medial malleoli or dorsal foot

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome High Yield Overview

Abnormal collagen synthesis, stretchy skin, hypermobility,

Marfan vs EDS

Marfan= fibrillin gene defect=> bad elastin; ectopia lentis (lens dislocation); tall and skinny

Both: high risk for aortic root dilation, aortic dissection; stretchy skin

EDS= impaired collagen synthesis; normal lens; joint hypermobility

EDS Skin exam

Blue sclerae(due to thin soft tissue), Gorlin sign(can touch tip of tongue to nose), easy bruising, skin stretchiness, impaired healing leading to wide atrophic scars(fish mouth scars), hypermobile joints, club foot

EDS (vascular) cardiac findings

Anuerysms, uterine rupture during childbirth/pregnancy

Splinter Hemorrhage

Small non blanching erythematous lines in fingernails/toenails; seen in all types of endocarditis

Janeway Lesions vs Osler Nodes

Janeway lesions= red, flat and painless

Osler nodes= red, raised (nodules), and painful