Tests and measures midterm
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101 Terms
What is the optimal level of LDL cholesterol?
Less than 100
What is the slightly above optimal level of LDL cholesterol?
100-129
What is the borderline high levels of LDL cholesterol?
130-159
What is the high level of LDL cholesterol?
160-189
What is the very high level of LDL cholesterol?
190 or above
Below what levels of HDL is considered a risk factor
Below 60
What is the normal level of triglycerides?
Less than 150
What is the borderline high level of triglycerides?
150-199
What is the high level of triglycerides?
200-499
What is the very high level of triglycerides?
500 or above
What percent of diabetes are type 1?
5-10% of cases
What percent of diabetes are type 2?
90-95% of cases
True or false inactivity is a better predictor of mortality than smoking, hypertension, blood lipid levels, and diabetes
True
What are some absolute contraindications to exercise testing?
Acute Myocardial Infarction (within 2 days), Ongoing unstable angina, Uncontrolled Cardiac Arrythmia causing symptoms or hemodynamic compromise, Active endocarditis, Symptomatic sever aortic stenosis, Decompensated (unstable), heart failure, Acute pulmonary embolism, pulmonary infarction, or DVT, Acute myocarditis or pericarditis, Acute Aortic Dissection, Physical disability that precludes safe and adequate testing
What are some relative contraindications to exercise testing?
Known obstructive left main coronary artery, Moderate to severe aortic stenosis, Tachydysrhythmia, Acquired or advanced complete heart attack, Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, Recent Stroke or transient ischemic attack, Mental impairment with limited ability to cooperate, Resting hypertension with >200/110, Uncorrected medical conditions such as anemia, electrolyte imbalance, hyperthyroidism
What are the CHD risk factors for age?
Men > 45 Women > 55
What are the CHD risk factors for family history?
Myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, or sudden death before 55 yr of age in father or first-degree male relative or before 65 yr of age in mother or other first degree female relative
What are the CHD risk factors for smoking?
Current cigarette smoking, exposure to environmental smoke, or smoking cessation within previous 6 months
What are the CHD risk factors for blood pressure?
Systolic BP > 130 or Diastolic BP > 80 or Individual is taking antihypertensive medication
What are the CHD risk factors for Lipids?
LDL > 130, HDL < 40 (men) HDL < 50 (women), TC > 200, or on lipid lowering medication
What are the CHD risk factors for Men’s BMI or waist circumference?
BMI > 30 or waist circumference > 102 cm
What are the CHD risk factors for Women’s BMI or waist circumfrence?
BMI > 30 or Waist circumference > 88
What are the CHD risk factors for Physical inactivity?
75-150 min / week <
What is the rule of 3 in relation to physical activity?
30 min, 3 days a week, 3 months
What is the difference between CVD risk factors and Signs & symptoms?
Risk factors are traits or habits that increase the likelihood of developing CVD while signs & symptoms are signs of an existing CVD
What are the typical values for blood glucose?
70-110 mg * dL-1
What is the range for normal HR?
60-100 bpm
What is Validity?
A measure of accuracy and how well a test measures what it’s supposed to measure
What range should a validity coefficient fall in for a test be valid?
Validity coefficient > .80
What is reliability?
Whether a test is reproducible and repeatable with similar results
What range should a reliability coefficient fill in to be reliable?
Reliability coefficient > .90
In a test what does sensitivity help prevent?
It helps prevent false negatives
In a test what does specificity help prevent?
It helps prevents false positives
What does objectivity mean?
Similarly trained technicians get similar results when assessing the same client
What is a high range for a objectivity coefficient?
Objectivity coefficient > .90
What is face validity?
The appearance to the person being tested that the test is valid
What is construct validity?
whether a test accurately measures the underlying abstract concepts
What is content validity?
whether a test actually measures a full range of the variables
What is concurrent validity?
The extent to which test scores are associated with those of other accepted tests that measure the same ability
What is convergent validity?
A high positive correlation between results of a test being conducted and those of the “gold standard test”
What is predictive validity?
The extent which a test score corresponds with future behavior or performance
What is discriminant validity?
Shows that a test measures something different from other tests. Demonstrated when two unrelated tests have a low correlation.
what is VO2 max ?
Is the maximum rate of oxygen consumption attainable during physical exertion
What is the delivery aspect of VO2 max ?
Maximal ability of cardiorespiratory system to deliver O2 and nutrients to muscles
What is the utilization aspect of VO2 max ?
Ability of muscles to uptake oxygen
What is a VO2 peak?
Highest VO2 value achieved during test it may or may not represent someone’s true VO2 max ?
What is the secondary VO2 max attainment criteria for RPE?
RPE > 17
What is the secondary VO2 max attainment criteria for blood lactate?
Blood lactate > 8 mmol/L
What is the secondary VO2 max attainment criteria for RER?
RER > 1.15
Which groups are likely to obtain a VO2 peak but not a VO2 max?
Children, Older adults, sedentary people
What is absolute VO2?
VO2 measured in L/min with no reference to body size
What is relative VO2?
VO2 measured in ml/kg/min with the ability to be compared across body sizes
What is Gross VO2?
Rest + Exercise O2 consumption
What is Net VO2?
O2 consumption of exercise only
What Category of VO2 peak do these measurements fall into for women?
The poor category
What Category of VO2 peak do these measurements fall into for women?
The fair category
What Category of VO2 peak do these measurements fall into for women?
The good category
What Category of VO2 peak do these measurements fall into for women?
The excellent category
What Category of VO2 peak do these measurements fall into for women?
The superior category
What Category of VO2 peak do these measurements fall into for men?
The poor category (men)
What Category of VO2 peak do these measurements fall into for men?
The fair category (men)
What Category of VO2 peak do these measurements fall into for men?
The good category (men)
What Category of VO2 peak do these measurements fall into for men?
The excellent category (men)
What Category of VO2 peak do these measurements fall into for men?
The superior category (men)
What type of treadmill protocol is this?
A Bruce protocol
What type of treadmill prototype is this?
A modified Bruce protocol
What treadmill protocol is this equation used for?
Bruce treadmill protocol
What type of protocol does this graph correlate to?
A Astrand cycling protocol
What are the testing protocols for treadmill exercise tests?
Standard Bruce, Modified Bruce, Balke, and Naughton
What are the testing protocols for stationary bike exercise tests?
Åstrand, Fox, and MacArdle et al.
For treadmill submaximal exercise tests what does the multistage model need to be successful?
2 stages of steady HR between 115 and 150 bpm
For treadmill submaximal exercise tests what does the single stage model need to be successful?
1 stage with steady state HR between 130 and 150 BPM
What type of submaximal exercise testing can this equation be useful for?
The multistage model
What type of submaximal exercise testing can this equation be useful for?
The single stage model
For cycling submaximal exercise tests what does the multistage model need to be successful?
2 steady state HRs between 110 bpm and 85% APHRmax
For cycling submaximal exercise tests what does the single stage model need to be successful?
1 steady state HR between 130 bpm and 150 bpm
What is the Astrand-rhyming field submaximal exercise tests?
A stepping protocol that requires 22.5/min for 5 min, step height of 33 cm, and post exercise HR for 30 seconds
What is the queens college field submaximal exercise tests?
A stepping protocol that requires 22 steps/min for females or 24 steps/min for males, step height of 16.25 for 3 min, and a 15 second post exercise HR
What should this equation be used for?
To calculate the reserve VO2 of someone before an exercise test
How to calculate the Target HR for an exercise test?
What levels of BMI are classified as underweight?
BMI <18.5
What levels of BMI are classified as overweight?
25.0 to 29.9
What levels of BMI are classified as Obese?
BMI > 30
What category of BF% do these levels fall into for men?
Very lean
What category of BF% do these levels fall into for men?
Lean
What category of BF% do these levels fall into for men?
Average
What category of BF% do these levels fall into for men?
Overfat
What category of BF% do these levels fall into for men?
Obese
What category of BF% do these levels fall into for women?
Very lean (women)
What category of BF% do these levels fall into for women?
Lean (women)
What category of BF% do these levels fall into for women?
Average (women)
What category of BF% do these levels fall into for women?
Overfat (women)
What category of BF% do these levels fall into for women?
Obese (women)
What are these equations used to classify?
These are Harris-benedict equations used to calculate resting metabolic rate
What is the number of fat cells in a normal body?
25-30 billion fat cells
What is the number of fat cells in an obese body?
42-106 billion fat cells
What are the chances of you being obese if both your parents are obese?
80% odds that you will be obese
How many kcal’s are in 1 gram of carbohydrate?
4 kcal/g
How many kcal’s are in 1 gram of protein?
4 kcal/g in protein
How many kcal’s are in 1 gram of fat?
9 kcal/g