K103 Lab Exam 1

Cnidaria

- Diploblastic

- Mesoglia (jelly)

- Gastrovascular cavity for digestion

- Radial symmetry

- Oral/Aboral surfaces

- Medusa

- Polyp

Cnidocyte

Specialized epithelial cell giving group its name

- Made of nematocyst

- Operculum - where bob comes out

- Chidocil - trigger

Cnidaria classes

Hydrozoa - Hydroid

Scyphozoa - Crown jellyfish

Anthozoa - Sea anemone

Cubozoa- box jellyfish

Obelia

colonia hydra

- stalk, feeding polyp with tentacles

- Reproductive polyp

- Medusa bud will come off and form medusite and then a new organism

Oral and aboral surfaces

Gastrovascular cavity

digestion and circulation of nutrients

Mesoglia

hydro-static skeleton in jellyfish

Endoderm

forms lining of digestive tract

Ectoderm

most exterior layer

Phylum Platyhelminthes

- Triploblastic

- Acelomate

- Organ level organization

- Four classes

Classes

Turbellaria, Termatoda, Cestoda, Monosenea

Turbellaria

- free-living flatworms

- Digestive system

- Reproductive system

- Eyes

Trematoda

Fluke (flatworm)

Cestoda

Tapeworm

- Scolex

- Proglottids

Monosenea

Parasites

Three types proglottids

Immature, mature - gives functions to egg, gravid - ripe

Hold fast structures

hooks, suckers, rostellum

Regions of cestode

holdfast, neck, segments

Syncytial epidermis

peripheral layer of continuous cytoplasm connected to underlying nucleated cell bodies by small cytoplasmic bridges

Hosts in life cycle

Blah

Osteon system

functional unit of compact bone

Nematoda

- Round worm

- No septa

- Pseudocoelomate

- Sexually dimorphic

- Membrane bound cuticle

- Ecdysis- shed skin and get new

- Longitudinal muscles to move

- Complete digestive tract

- Bilaterally symmetrical

Sexual dimorphism

Differences in physical characteristics between males and females of the same species.

Phylum Mollusca

- Head-foot animal

- Triploblastic

- Bilateral symmetry

- Coelomate

- Muscular foot

- Visceral mass

Phylum Annelida

- Bilateral symmetry

- Called segmented worm

- Classified based on septa, setae, and appearance of clithium

- Mucus

- Acephalic

- Partition coelom

Phylum Chordata

oral cirri - filter feeding

notochord - skeletal support

dorsal nerve chord - nerves in body

dorsal fin - movement

gill slits - outflow of water, food and and respiration

Skeletal system function

- Support

- Protection

- Movement

- Mineral homeostasis

- Blood-cell production

- Triglyceride storage

Osteoblasts

bone forming cells

Osteoclasts

bone-destroying cells

Osteocytes

mature bone cells

Bone types

- Sensanoid

- Long

- Short

- Flat

- irregular

Sensanoid bone

Patella

Long

Femur

Short

Carpal

Irregular

vertebrae

Flat

Sternum

Joint types

fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial, fused

Synovial joint

- membrane sac with synovial fluid

- provides full range of motion between two bones

Types of synovial joints

Ball and socket, saddle, hinge, gliding, pivot

Ball and socket

Femur into ox cosa

Saddle joint

Concave surface and convex surface

Hinge

Motion in one place

Gliding

Limited motion of sliding

Pivot

head moving - in one direction but rotational

Cartliginious

Fibrocartilage connects neighboring bones

- Ex. Pubic symphysis

Fused

One bone is fused to another

Ex. skull bones

Fibrous

Sheet of connective tissue between neighboring bones

Ex. Tibia and fibula and most skull bones

Tendons

Connect bone to muscle

Bursa

Fluid filled sac which acts as cushion

Ligament

Bone to bone

Hyaline Cartlidge

- Joint cartilage

- Contain achual

Achual

space containing bone, choanocytes, or osteocytes in bone

White fibrous tissue

Fibroblasts

Collagen

Fibroblasts

- generate collagen

Collagen

Main component of connective tissue