Clinical Psychology - Mood Disorders

what are the most important 2 experiences for developing depression?

loss + failure

what is the opposite of depression=?

mania = an emotion characterized by boundlesss, frenzied, and feeling of euphoria)

emotional symptoms of depression…

• sad

• hopeless

• miserable

• dejected

• discourage

motivational symptoms of depression…

• loss of interest

• not getting preasure

• lack of initiative

behavioral symptoms of depression…

• slowness in speech

• slowness in behavior

• tiredness

• fatigue

physical symptoms of depression…

• insomnia

• terminal insomnia ( waking up middle of the night and cannot go back sleep)

• hypersomnia ( sleeping during daytime)

DSM-5 Criteria for major depressive episode? ( not a disosrder)

• depressed mood most of the time

• less interest or enjoyment of most of the activites

• signşficant weight change

• insomnia or exsessive sleep

• reduction in physical movement

• fatigue

• feeling of worthlesness !!!!!!

• suicidal thought or attemp !!!!!!

• lack of consentration

presence of at least 5+ depressive symptoms during the same 2 week period

major depressive disorder requires the presence of !!!!!!!

what is a dysthymic disorder?

• is a form of depression in which someone experiences a persistently low mood over a long period of time.

• characterized by depressive symptoms but thıse conditions must have been presemt for 2 year at least, and not severe enough to distrsct normsl functioning

low levels of serotonine, dopamine, and norephinephrine is associated with…

depression

how does trcyclic and MAO drugs works for depression?

• trcyclic = bloks reuptake of serotonine & norephirephrine

• MOA = inhibitor, increase the serotonine & norephinephrine levels in the brain

treatment model that helps people improve their mood by increasing positive, meaningful activities, and reducing avoidance

Behavioral Activation Therapy (BA)

How does depressed people attribute meaning to events?

internal-global-stable

people become and stay depressed because they keep thinking about their problems and negative feelings instead of solution or distracting themselves

rumination theory

mania state consist of..

• expression of unorganşzed thoughts

• limited attention span

• convo starters w/ strangers

• topic to topic change

• loudness

what is the difference between bipolar 1 and bipolar 2 disorder?

• bipolar 1= full manic + major depression episode in alterning sequence

• bipolar 2= hypomania and at least 1 major depressive episode

hypomania= feeling energectic and thought of “ ı can do it everything”

mania = feeling rush

cyclothymic disorder = ?

• a mild form of bipolar disorder

• mood swing between mild depression to euphoria for 1 year at least

• at least 2 years of hypomania symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a manic episode.

what are the steps for drug treatment in depression?

1) SSRIs

2)SNRIs

3)Tricyclical antidepressant

4) MAOA inhibitors

what is the medication for bipolar disorder?

• lithium carbonate ( mood stabilization, resembles Na and K, side effect on kidney)

ECT( electroconvulsive therapy ) is working by…

• passing an electric current through the head of the patient for around half a second.

• cure for bipolar disorder, when individuals have been depressed for a year and no other treatment has worked.

who are vulnerable groups for non-suicidal self injury?

depressed adolescents

people with interpersonal crises

people who previously harmed themselves

suicide has highest correlation rate with…

bipolar disorder and major depression