Immunology Quiz 4 - Things I need to memorize

CD34

Marker of a human hematopoietic stem cell

Stem cell —> Progenitor B-Cell —> Early pro-B —> Late pro-B —> Pre-B Cell —> Large pre-B —> Small pre-B —> Immature B cell

General lineage of B cell development

Progenitor B Cell

Part of B-Cell development related to Heavy chain gene rearrangment

Pre-B cell

Part of B-Cell development related to Light chain gene rearrangement

VCAM-1 —> VLA-4

Growth factor produced by stromal cells that binds to receptors on lymphoid progenitor cells

SCF —> Kit

Growth factor produced by stromal cells that binds to receptors on Early Progenitor B-Cell

IL-7 —> IL-7R

Growth factor produced by stromal cells that binds to receptors on Late Progenitor B-Cell

VpreB: Variable

λ5: Constant

Surrogate Light chain parts for BCR

CCL21 —> CCR7

Stromal cell cytokine that binds to BCR to facilitate B-Cell entering lymph node through HEV

CXCL13

Follicular Dendritic Cell chemokine that attracts B cells into the follicle through a gradient

CD34 & CD44

Progenitor T cells still express [?] & [?] glycoproteins —> Isn’t committed to becoming T-Cells

Il-7 —> IL-7R

Through interaction with thymic stromal cells, [?] binding to [?] of progenitor cells causes Double-Negative Thymocyte to be expressed

CD2

CD5

IL-7R

CD1A

Receptors expressed by DOuble-negative Thymocyte

Notch1

Major regulator of T-Cell development

Drives progenitor cells toward T-Cell differentiation instead of B-Cell

Lck

Phosphorylates CD3 for signal transduction

Used to stop rearrangement of 𝛾, δ, & ꞵ loci

pT𝛼

Surrogate 𝛼-chain for TCR

CD4 & CD8 coreceptors

CD3 complex

ZAP-70

Lck

Signals from pre-TCR depends on the expression of:

CD4

Coregulator on Helper T cells

CD8

Coregulator present on CTLs

CD4

CD25

FOXP3 —> Transcriptional repressor protein

What is expressed on the surfaces of Regulatory T Cells

MHC Class I & II —> More APC activity

CD80 & CD86 —> Types of B7 that binds with CD28 to form co-stimulatory receptor

CCR7

When DCs mature, what increases in dendritic cells?

CCL21 & CCL19 —> CCR7

Chemokines that guide T-Cells (homing) that binds to [?] receptor

1st step

L-selectin on T-cell binds to CD34 on HEV cells

T-Cell homing: Rolling

2nd step

CCR7 on T-cell binds to CCL21 on HEV cells

T-Cell homing: Activation

3rd step

LFA-1 on T-cell binds to ICAM-1 on HEV cells

T-Cell homing: Adhesion

4th step

CCR7 on T-cell binds to CCL21 on HEV cells

T-Cell homing: Migration

S1P

Gradient of this chemokine leads naive T-cells to the efferent lymphatic vessel when they don’t find their specific antigen in the lymph node

Receptor: CD28

Ligand: B7

• 2 forms

  • CD80

  • CD86

Receptor on T-Cell and Ligand on DC that leads to co-stimulatory signal

CTLA4

New receptor on activated T-cells that forms co-stimulatory signal w/ B7

c-SMAC

Inner layer of T-Cell synapse

p-SMAC

Outer layer of T-Cell synapse

Synapse —> Lck activated —> Phosphorylates CD3 ITAMs —> ZAP-70 activated —> Binds to  ζ ITAMs and is phosphorylated —> Initiation of 3 major pathways

Consequences of activation of Immunological/T-Cell Synapse

1. NFAT

2. Activation of C-⊝ (protein kinase) → NF𝜅B

3. Fos (nuclear protein) —> AP-1

3 major pathways of T-Cell signaling after synapse created

IL-2

Most important cytokine for proliferation & differentiation of T-Cells

T_H1 & T_H17 —> Bacterial & viral

T_H2 —> Parasitic

T_PH —> Creation of plasma B cells

T_regs —> Regulate other Helper T cells

5 types of helper t cells