Module 2 Lecture Substitution/ Two Joint Muscle.

Module 2 Lecture Substitution/ Two Joint Muscle.

What is the Rector Femoris?

• Part of the quadriceps group, it crosses the hip and knee joints, flexing the hip and extending the knee.

What is the Hamstrings?

These posterior thigh muscles cross the hip and knee, extending the hip and flexing the knee.

What is the Gastrocenimus?

• The main calf muscle crosses both the knee and ankle, assisting in knee flexion and powerfully plantarflexing the ankle.

What is the Bicep Brachi?

• The biceps in the upper arm crosses the shoulder and elbow, helping to flex the elbow and assist with shoulder flexion.

What is the Tricep Brachi?

• Located at the back of the arm, it crosses the shoulder and elbow joints, helping to extend both.

What is an Example of Normal ROM?

• 0-135

• Starts perfectly at neutral extension, bends to 135

  degrees of flexion). KNEE

What is an example of Hypermobility (Hyperextended)?

• 10 – 0 – 135°

• (The joint can hyperextend 10 degrees past neutral before flexing to 135 degrees). May be documented as plus 10

degrees.

What is an example of extension defecit?

• 20 – 135° or -20° extension (The patient lacks 20 degrees of reaching the 0-degree neutral start position).

• [Full Extension: 0°] -------- (Deficit: 20° Missing)

• [Patient's Best Extension: 20°] -------- [Flexion: 135°]

What are two joint muscles?

• Muscle crosses two separate joint axes. Because thesemuscles have limited overall length, their tension directly blocks maximum movement atone joint if the other joint is already stretched.

What is Passive Insufficiency?

• occurs when a multi-joint muscle is stretched to its maximum length simultaneously across all the joints it crosses.

What is Substitutions?

• happens when a patient moves a completely different part of their body to make it look like they have more movement in the joint being tested.

What is an common example of substitution for Ankle Dorsiflexion?

• Great toe extension; eversion of the foot (pronating through the midfoot)

  • Keep the toes completely relaxed; ensure the goniometer tracks the lateral border of the foot, not the toes

What is an common example of substitution for Hip Flexion?

• Anterior pelvic tilt; excessive lumbar spine lordosis (arching the low back)

  • Apply a firm, stabilizing hand over the posterior superior iliac spines (PSIS) to lock the pelvis.

What is an common example of substitution Of Forearm Pronation?

• Shoulder abduction and internal rotation (elbow flares outward)

  • Manually stabilize the patient's elbow firmly against the lateral ribcage; keep the elbow flexed at exactly 90°.

What is comman example of Substitution of Shoulder Abduction?

• Lateral trunk flexion to the opposite side; scapular elevation ("shrugging")

  • Keep the spine vertical; apply firm downward stabilization directly on the acromion process.