Module 2_Variation and the Infraspecific Categories

Morphology

1. Genetic

2. Non-genetic

• _______________ is one of the many bases being used in classifying different species.

• However, there are a lot of things that must be considered in determining whether an individual is a different species or a variant(phena).
  
  

Sources of variation

1. ____________

2. ____________

Sources of Variation: Non-Genetic

1. seasonal variation

2. age-related variation

3. social variation

4. ecological variation

5. structural variation

6. traumatic variation

7. structural variation: post-mortem changes

Sources of Variation: Non-Genetic

general appearance of deciduous trees changes through the season

Sources of Variation: Non-Genetic

individual variation may also be observed in relation with age

Sources of Variation: Non-Genetic

different structural types result from different larval food or hormonal controls; common in insects with caste

Sources of Variation: Non-Genetic

observed in populations of the same species provided with different hosts, different habitat, or different climatic conditions; ecophenotype

Sources of Variation: Non-Genetic

Sources of Variation: Non-Genetic

• a result of parasitism or traumatic variation

• post-mortem changes

Genetic Sources of Variation

• sexual dimorphism

• reproductively different generations

• ordinary genetic variations

Genetic Sources of Variation

sex-based variation

individuals that exhibit half of their body with male characters, while the other half with female characters, or in some cases mosaic patterns.

Genetic Sources of Variation

Ex. Wingless aphid via parthenogenesis; winged if via sexual reproduction

Genetic Sources of Variation

No individuals have the same genetic constitution