DISEASES, PATHOLOGIES, PROCEDURES

Anemia

Deficiency in erythrocytes or hemoglobin, lack of O₂ for body

Most common type of anemia

Iron deficiency anemia

Aplastic anemia

Failure of blood cell production due to aplasia or absence of cell formation in bone marrow

Hemolytic anemia

Reduction in red blood cells due to excessive destruction

Pernicious anemia

Lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B₁₂ into the body

Sickle cell anemia

Hereditary disease characterized by abnormal sickle shape of erythrocytes and by hemolysis

Thalassemia

Inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin

Hemochromatosis

Excess iron deposits throughout the body

Polycythemia vera

General increase in red blood cells

Hemophilia

Rare inherited disorder in which blood does not clot due to deficiency of blood clotting factors (excessive bleeding)

Purpura

Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin

Leukemia

Increase in cancerous white blood cells

AML

Acute myelogenous leukemia

ALL

Acute lymphocytic leukemia

CML

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

CLL

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Treatment of Leukemia

Chemotherapy, using drugs to prevent cell division and destroy the rapidly dividing cells (remission and relapse)

Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia

Primarily affects adults, chemo used with remission/relapse

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Primarily affects children and young adults, most cured with chemo

Granulocytosis

Abnormal increase in granulocytes in blood

Mononucleosis

Infectious disease marked by increased numbers of leukocytes and enlarged cervical lymph nodes (caused by Epistein-Barr virus)

EBV

Epstein-Barr virus

Multiple Myeloma

Malignant neoplasm of bone marrow.

Malignant cells

Destroy bone tissue and cause overproduction of immunoglobulins

Treatment for Multiple Myeloma

Palliative

Apheresis

Separation of blood into component parts and removal of a select part of blood

Blood transfusion

Whole blood or specific cells taken from a donor and infused into a patient

Bone marrow biopsy

Microscopic examination of core of bone marrow removed with a needle

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant

Peripheral stem cells from a compatible donor are administered into a recipient’s vein

Providers of treatment

Hematologist, oncologist, phlebotomist