Important People in the Renaissance
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Who was Desiderius Erasmus, and what did he believe about Christianity?
A leading Christian humanist who believed in a pure, simple Christian life without unnecessary rituals or politics. His works were censored and condemned by the Church.
What did Erasmus believe about education?
He believed in the importance of educating children.
Who was Christine de Pisan, and what topics did she write about?
A writer who focused on the role of women in society, equality, and women's education.
What was The City of Women about?
A book discussing different views of women and their roles in society.
Why did Christine de Pisan turn to writing?
She became widowed and turned to writing to support her family.
Who was William Shakespeare?
The most famous English playwright of all time.
What topics did Shakespeare explore in his plays?
Natural science, humanist ideas, and human nature.
How did Shakespeare make his plays relatable?
He used language and themes that everyone could understand and relate to.
How did Shakespeare spread Renaissance ideas?
Through realistic, nonreligious plays that brought Renaissance ideas to the masses.
What famous book did Sir Thomas More write?
Utopia.
What did Utopia criticize?
The English government and society as a whole.
What does the word utopia mean, and how did it become popular?
An ideal society. The title of More's widely read book became a common word for an ideal society.
What famous book did Niccolo Machiavelli write?
The Prince.
What did Machiavelli believe about rulers being feared or loved?
He believed it was better for a ruler to be feared than loved.
What was Machiavelli's view of human nature?
He described men as ungrateful, fickle, and liars.
What did Machiavelli believe was more useful to rulers than idealism?
Power and ruthlessness.
What influenced Machiavelli's political beliefs?
His experiences with violent politics as a political philosopher and statesman.
Who was Baldassare Castiglione?
An Italian diplomat and humanist.
What book did Castiglione write, and when?
The Courtier (1528).
What did The Courtier discuss?
How the perfect gentleman and lady should act.
Who was Jan van Eyck?
A Northern Renaissance painter known for extremely detailed artwork.
What famous painting did Jan van Eyck create?
The Arnolfini Wedding Portrait.
How did Jan van Eyck incorporate religion into everyday life?
Through the use of symbolism in his paintings.
Who was Pieter Brueghel?
A Northern Renaissance painter known for painting scenes of everyday peasant life.
What are two famous paintings by Pieter Brueghel?
Hunters in the Snow and Peasant Wedding.
What famous paintings did Leonardo da Vinci create?
The Last Supper and the Mona Lisa.
What other skills did Leonardo da Vinci have besides painting?
He advised dukes on architecture and weaponry.
How skilled was Leonardo da Vinci as an artist?
He surpassed the level of his masters.
What famous works did Michelangelo create?
Sculpted David (marble), painted The Creation of Adam, and painted the Sistine Chapel ceiling.
What moment does Michelangelo's David represent?
David right before his battle with Goliath.
Why was Michelangelo considered a true Renaissance artist?
He was a master sculptor and painter.
How did Michelangelo learn about human anatomy?
He dissected corpses to better understand anatomy and make his artwork more realistic.
What famous sculpture did Donatello create?
David (bronze).
Why was Donatello's David controversial?
It was the first free-standing male nude sculpture since ancient times.
What moment does Donatello's David represent?
David after he had defeated Goliath.
What famous painting did Raphael create?
The School of Athens, a fresco.
What did Raphael use as models for the ancient philosophers in The School of Athens?
His own friends.
Who was Filippo Brunelleschi?
An architect and engineer who designed the dome of Florence's greatest cathedral.
How did Brunelleschi solve the problems involved in constructing the dome?
He used his knowledge of ancient architecture.
Who were Brunelleschi's patrons?
The Medici family, with whom he had a close relationship.