UNT A&P 1 Exam 3

What two types of tissues compose muscles?

Skeletal muscle tissue and dense regular connective tissue.

Identify structure A?

Tendon

Identify structure B?

Epimysium

Identify structure C?

Endomysium (between fibers)

Identify structure D?

Muscle fiber (cell)

Identify structure E?

Endomysium

Identify structure F?

Blood vessel

Identify structure G?

Fascicle (wrapped by perimysium)

Identify structure H?

Perimysium

Identify structure I?

Bone

What tissue covers individual muscle fibers?

Endomysium - connective tissue sheath.

What tissue covers the fascicles?

Perimysium - connective tissue sheath.

What structure do blood vessels and nerves travel through in muscles?

The perimysium

What tissue covers entire muscle tissue?

Epimysium - a connective tissue sheath

What structure is formed from all the connective tissue sheaths of the muscles collagen fibers coming together?

Tendon

Tendon

Join muscles to muscles or bones to muscles. All of their collagen fibers are parallel so they are strong along their long axis.

Aponeuroses

Flat sheet of tendon

Origin of muscle?

immoveable attachment site of a muscle

Insertion of muscle?

moveable attachment site of a muscle.

Prime mover

AKA agonist; primary muscle responsible for a given movement

Antagonists

Muscles that oppose a given movement.

Synergist

Aid agonists by preventing unwanted movement in particular joints

Fixator

special type of synergist that immobilizes the origin of another muscle

Criteria for naming muscles:

1) direction of muscle fibers, 2) relative size of the muscle, 3) location of the muscle, 4) number of origins, 5) location of origin and insertion, 6) shape of the muscle, 7) action produced by the muscle.

Rectus muscle

has fibers parallel to the axis

Transverse muscle

has fibers perpendicular to the axis

Oblique muscles

run at an angle to the axis

Maximus muscles

largest of a group of muscles

Minimus muscles

smallest of a group of muscles

Longus muscles

longest of a group of muscles

Brevis muscles

shortest of a group of muscles

Root -ceps

means head, or origin. Ex: biceps brachialis would be a muscle with two origins overlying the brachium

When naming muscles depending on the location of origins and insertions, does the origin or insertion name come first?

Origin. Ex: sternocleidomastoid muscle; two origins (sternum and clavicle) and one insertion (mastoid process of temporal bone).

Deltoid muscle

muscle with triangular shape (like the greek letter delta Δ)

Rhomboideus muscle

muscle shaped like a rhomboid

Trapezius muscle

muscle shaped like a trapezoid

Flexor digitorum muscles

cause flexion at the joints of the digits: example of muscle named from its action

Adductor longus muscle

adducts the thigh at the hip joint; example of muscle named from its action

Identify this structure?

Skeletal muscle; longitudinal section

Identify this structure?

Skeletal muscle; cross section

Identify this structure?

Neuromuscular junction

Identify structure A?

Corrugator supercilli

Identify structure B?

Orbicularis oculi

One action, one origin, and one insertion for Orbicularis oculi?

Action: closes eye lids

Origin: frontal bone

Insertion: skin of orbital region

Identify structure C?

Levator labii superioris

Identify structure D?

Zygomaticus minor and major

One action, one origin, and one insertion for Zygomaticus major?

Action: elevates and draws angle of mouth upward for smile or laugh

Origin: lateral surface of the zygomatic bone

Insertion: angle of the mouth (modiolus)

One action, one origin, and one insertion for Zygomaticus minor?

Action: elevates upper lip (helps form smile)

Origin: anterior surface of zygomatic bone

Insertion: mascular tissue and skin of upper lip

Identify structure E?

Buccinator

One action, one origin, and one insertion for Buccinator?

Action: compresses cheek against molar teeth during mastication

Origin: Alveolar process of the maxilla

Insertion: Modiolus

Identify structure G?

Orbicularis oris

Identify structure H?

Mentalis

Identify structure I?

Depressor labii inferioris

Identify structure L?

Epicranius

Identify structure N?

Frontal belly

Identify structure O?

Occipital belly

Identify structure P?

Temporalis

Identify structure Q?

Masseter

One action, one origin, and one insertion for Masseter?

Action: elevation of the mandible (closes the jaw)

Origin: Zygomatic arch

Insertion: lateral surface of the angle

Identify structure A?

Orbicularis oris

Identify structure B?

Buccinator

Identify structure D?

Temporalis

Identify structure E?

Masseter