AirLaw - Air Ops - Departure Procedures & (General)

Turning Departures

When turn of more than 15°

the turn can be established by a fix, a facility, or an altitude or height

Omnidirectional Departure:

allows for departure in any direction
usually climb straight to Xft, then can turn and climb in any direction at a specified gradient.

Some sectors may be required to be avoided.

You would expect no navigational aids, but could expect some special requirements (sectors to avoid)

SID - Track Guidance - Straight and turning departure

• Straight: track guidance 20km

• turning track guidance 10km

PDG?

Procedure Design Gradient: 3.3% for missed approach. 2.5%.

Track Guidance:

On straight segments, the width of the primary areas is 1/2 , the secondary areas are ¼ each side

Primary area the MOC is provided for the width

Secondary, MOC coverage is reduced towards the edges, to 0.

Procedure Turns 2 types:

45/180, turn 45, fly a time, turn 180, intercept the inbound

80/260, turn 80 left/right, once on heading, turn 260 in opposite direction.

Fix Tolerance Area:

• Due to ground and aircraft system errors, fixes are accurate within limits. The limits create the fix tolerance area which allows the aircraft to be in this area and considered over the fix.

Transition Altitude, Layer and Level

====Transition Level====
Transition
====Transition Alt ====

When climbing through the layer = Level
When Descending = Altitude

Before take off one altimeter should be set to:

a local QNH - (if it was circuits then QFE)

When would you use an altitude above the transition layer:

• when aircraft is descending with no intention to level off above the transition layer

• and has an approach clearance.

When should ATC provide the altimeter setting?

QNH:

• taxi clearance

• approach clearance

• and clearance to enter circuit.

QFE:
- during approach clearance and landing clerance, and request on regular basis.

Min seperation between two consecutive flight levels?

it doesnt mean FL , more the levels at which aircraft fly.

it is 500ft
VFR 4500, IFR 5000 for example.

Altimeter Accuracy:

0 to 30,000ft = 60ft
0 to 50,000ft = 80 ft.

IF two close airfields need the same Transition altitude, which one?

Take the higher one, for safety.

EU 965/2012 - what does it cover?

CAT - Commercial Air Transport (helicopter and plane)
SPO - Special Ops
NCC - Non Commercial Complex (motor powered)
NCO - Non Commcerical Other than complex (motor powered)

does not cover non motor, such as balloons, gliders.


Lots of long crazy questions, just bank them before the exam. AIROPS → Regulations.

Mode C vs Mode A transponder

Mode A = when Asked
Mode C = continous

Mode C = 100ft increments
mode s = 25ft

What to do regarding ATC when transponder fails?

before take off: let atc know (maybe on flight plan), atc may provide to the nearest suitable aerodrome for repair.

After take off: ATC will provide to the destination with some exceptions.

Transponder codes when leaving control?

2000→ when no instruction given

7000→ when not receiving air traffic service.