Tests for Halide + Carbonate + Sulfate Ions
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22 Terms
What is the formula of the carbonate ion?
CO₃²⁻
How are carbonate ions identified?
Carbonates react with dilute acid to produce carbon dioxide gas. -- The gas is identified because it turns limewater milky/cloudy.
What would you observe when a carbonate reacts with dilute acid?
Effervescence as carbon dioxide is produced.
What is the general word equation for a carbonate reacting with an acid?
carbonate + acid --> salt + water + carbon dioxide
Why isn't effervescence alone conclusive proof of carbonate ions?
Other reactions can also produce gases, so the gas should be identified using the limewater test.
What are halide ions?
Negatively charged ions formed from Group 7 elements.
What is the formula of chloride?
Cl⁻
What is the formula of bromide?
Br⁻
What is the formula of iodide?
I⁻
Which reagents are used to test for halide ions?
Dilute nitric acid followed by silver nitrate solution.
What precipitate does chloride produce (HI)?
White silver chloride, AgCl.
What precipitate does bromide produce (HI)?
Cream silver bromide, AgBr.
What precipitate does iodide produce (HI)?
Yellow silver iodide, AgI.
Why is dilute nitric acid used before silver nitrate?
To remove interfering ions such as carbonate ions, which could otherwise form a precipitate and produce a misleading result.
Why isn't hydrochloric acid used to acidify the sample (HI)?
Hydrochloric acid contains chloride ions, which would react with silver ions to produce silver chloride, giving a false positive.