Greek Mythology Exam 1

Met 1-4

In Ovid what are the ages of man

1. Gold

2. Silver

3. Bronze

4. Iron

In works and days what are the ages of man?

1. gold

2. silver

3. bronze

4. heroic

5. iron

What is Zeus/ Jupiter represented by

thunderbolts and eagles

What is Jupiter the god of

• sky and weather

• kingship

• oaths

• suppliants

• guests

how did Jupiter reset the world in Ovid

with a flood

who were the only ones to survive the flood?

Deucalion and Pyrrha

Syncretism

Phenomenon in mythology and religion in which distinct figures are treated as the same

what is Apollo the god of

• prophecy

• archery

• poetry and music

• healing and sickness

• the sun

what is used to represent Apollo

• raven

• swan

Prometheus

• foresight

• creator

• inventor of sacrifice

• giver of fire (aka fire and technology)

why was Pandora made

as an evil to counteract Prometheus’s good that he did for humankind

who is Phaeton’s dad

Pheobus

what does Phaethon ask Pheobus for

to drive his sun chariot

_____ begs _____ to stop Phaethon with what?

1. earth

2. Jove

3. hitting him with a thunderbolt and killing him

who is Artimis/ Diana’s family

• Father: Jupiter

• Mother: Leto / Latona

• Siblings: apollo

what is Diana the god of

• nature and the hunt

• wild animals

• unmarried girls

• childbirth and childrearing

What is Athena/ Minerva/ Pallas the god of

• war and military strategy

• handicrafts

• the state and public institutions

Who is Minerva’s family

• father: Jupiter

• mother: Metis (cunning)

what happened to Callisto

• assaulted and impregnated by Jove

• driven away by Diana after finding out she was pregnant at a bath

• had son Arcturus and turned into a bear by Juno

• son Arcturus tried to kill her, and Jove turned both of them into a constellation (big and little bear)

• Juno was mad and made sure they never set

what is Hera the god of

• queenship

• marriage

• childbirth

what is used to represent Juno

Peacock

Who are Hermes/ Mercury family

• father: Jove

• mother: Maia

what is used to represent Mercury

• hat

• sandals

• staff

what is Mercury the god of

• travel and commerce

• heralds

• thieves

• the dead

Timai

Divine honors/ embodying the thing they are the god of

who is the founder of the city of Thebes and how did he find the city

• Cadmus

• sent to look for his sister Europa

• he fought a giant snake guarding the spring at the site

• planted the snake’s teeth and made the citizens

who are the daughters of Cadmus

• Autonoe: mother of Actaeon

• Agave: mother of Pentheus

• Semele: mother of Dionysus (Ion is Dionysus’ nurse)

Story of Actaeon

• hunting and finds Diana bathing

• she splashes him with water and turns him into a stag (deer)

• His hunting dogs eat him

What is Dionysus/ Bacchus the god of

• vegetation (grape vines and wine in particular)

• altered states of consciousness

who is Bacchus’ family

• Father: Jupiter (also his mother because he was sewn into his leg)

• Mother: Semele

What happened to Tiresias before he was blind

• saw two snakes mating and hit them with a stick and turned into a woman

• saw another two snakes mating and did the same thing and turned back into a woman

how did Tiresias go blind

Juno and Jove summoned him to settle an argument on who has more fun during intercourse and he said women did to agree with Jove, so Juno made him blind and Jove game him the gift of prophecy

who is Narcissus

beautiful young man who Echo falls in love with, who falls in love with his own reflection as punishment for rejecting her and turned into a flower

Who is echo

a nymph cursed by Juno to only be able to repeat the last words said to her

What did the daughters of Minyas refuse to do? what do they do instead

• go worship Bacchus with the rest of the city

• weave and tell stories in their house

what were Minyas’s daughters turned into

bats

What is Venus/ Aphrodite the goddess of

• love

• lust

• sexuality

What is Mars/ Ares the god of

• war

• battle frenzy

who reveals Mars and Venus’s affair to Venus’s husband Vulcan

Phoebus

what does Venus do to get revenge on Phoebus

makes him fall in love with Leucothoe and gets her pregnant

who tells Leucothoe’s father that she is pregnant

Clytie

what does Leucothoe’s father do to her when he finds out he is pregnant

buries her alive

What happens to Clytie when Phoebus refuses to reciprocate her feelings

turns into the heliotrope flower that always faces the sun

who is Hermaphroditus’s family

• father: Mercury

• Mother: Venus

how did medusa become a gorgon

she was assaulted by Poseidon/ Neptune in Minerva’s temple, and she punished her by turning her into Gorgon

mythography

communicate mythology quickly and clearly in a textbook format

What did the world come from

Chaos

What did Lycaon do to make the gods made

• blasphemy

• cannibalism

• inhospitality

what was Lycaon turned into

a wolf

how did Deucalion and Pyrrha repopulate the earth

threw rocks behind them which became humans

how did Ino tell her family it was her

writing her name with her hoof

how did Jupiter disguise himself when he approaches Callisto

as the goddess Diana

how is the raven punished for telling Apollo the truth

turned black

What is Chiron’s daughter turned into

a horse

what goddess does Minerva visit and ask to punish Aglauros

Envy

what changes about the mulberry tree in the story of Puramus and Thisbe

the berries are turned purple

how does Vulcan punish Venus and Mars

he traps them in a gold net and has the gods laugh at them

what do Cadmus and his wife Harmonia turn into

snakes

story of Apollo and Daphne

• Apollo made fun of Cupid for being better at the bow, so Cupid makes him fall in love with Daphne and makes daphne repulsed by him

• He chased her and she tried to fly away but Apollo was still catching up

• Daphne begs her father Peneus to help her, and she turns into a tree

• tree still recoils from him

Io story summary

• Jove tried to get Io to sleep with him and tried to hide it from Juno with a cover of darkness

• Jove turned her into a cow to hide it and gave her to Juno

• Juno gave it to Argus to protect it

• Mercury made Argus fall asleep with a story about Pan falling in love with a nymph and she turned into water reeds which he made his pipe

• Io returned to the river, and she told her family it was her by writing her name in the dirt

• Mercury killed Argus and Juno was mad so Io ran away

• came to the Nile river and asked Jove to turn her back which he did

Phaethon story summary

• Phaethon was getting made fun of for saying his dad was a god, so he went to find his dad with his mom Clymene’s help

• goes on a journey to find his dad

• Phaethon asks him Pheobus to prove that he’s his dad and Pheobus agrees to do whatever he wants

• Phaethon asks to drive his chariot and he has to agree

• the ride got out of control and earth begged Jove to stop this

• Jupiter threw a thunderbolt at him and killed him

• Phaethon’s sisters mourn him so much that they turned into trees, his brother turned into swans that fear the sky

• Pheobus wanted to stop driving the sun and put it into eclipse, but Jove told him he had to, he whipped his horses as punishment

Summary of Callisto

• Zeus was surveying the land and spotted Callisto and assaulted her disguised as Diana

• Callisto hid it from Diana until she wanted to bathe with her when she chased her away

• Hera found out that about Callisto and turned her into a bear and she ran away from all wild animals

• her son Areus was hunting and almost killed his mom

• Zeus stopped it and made them constellation

• Hera doesn’t like this and makes it so they can never rest (constellation never sets)

Summary of the Raven and the Crow

• Raven wants to tell Apollo that his girlfriend is cheating on him

• crow tells him not to do it telling a story about Pallas and herself

  • hid a baby in a basket and gave it to 3 princesses and told them not to look

  • Two sisters listened, but Aglauros didn’t and found a baby who had snakes for legs

  • she used to be a princess, but was turned into a raven to protect her from Neptune, then she ratted on the princesses and was turned into a crow

• Raven did not listen and told him anyways

• Apollo killed her with his bow but found out she was pregnant with his child

• Apollo turned the raven from white to black as punishment

• took the child and gave it to Chiron to raise

Summary of Ocyrhoe

• Chiron was so excited about the kid that his daughter came to visit

• she could see the future and revealed that the child would become a healer then become divine and that Chiron would beg for death after being poisoned and the gods would end his immortal life

• Gods don’t like this and turn her into a horse

summary of Mercury and Battus

• Apollo was watching a herd of cattle but got distracted by love so Mercury hid them

• only person who saw was an old man Battus and Mercury promised him a cow to keep quiet and he agreed

• Mercury disguised himself and offered 2 cows to tell him the cattle’s location and he agrees

• Mercury turns him into stone when he reveals it

summary of the envy of Aglauros

• Mercury rises up and sees the sister Herse and falls in love with her

• Aglauros finds him and tells him to pay her to get access to her sister and Mercury agrees

• Minerva didn’t like this, so she has Envy give her poison to become envious of her sister and blocks the door

• Mercury magically opens the door and turns Aglauros to stone

summary of Jupiter and Europa

• Jupiter asks Mercury to take a royal herd to the seashore, and he agrees and Jupiter turns into a bull to hide in the herd

• Europa is so enamored by the cow that she decided to ride it

• Jove walked into the see and Europa was afraid to get off when she saw the land falling away

• made it to Crete and Jove revealed himself to Europa