Cognitive-Based Language and Memory Disorders: Assessment and Intervention

What are the key components of cognition?

Attention, orientation, memory, organization, information processing, reasoning, problem-solving, executive function

What are the key components of communication?

Hearing, listening, understanding, speaking, reading, writing, conversational, social communication

What is the purpose of cognitive rehabilitation?

To optimize function and quality of life in individuals with cognitive impairments

What does the ICF framework stand for?

International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health

What is a key takeaway regarding cognitive-communication disorders?

They are best understood as an interaction among cognitive, communication, emotional, physical, self-regulatory, individual, and contextual factors.

What is a significant change in cognitive rehabilitation approaches?

Moving from clinician-selected therapy to collaborative therapy involving clients.

What are the five paradigms in cognitive rehabilitation?

ICF framework, Interprofessional collaboration, Empowerment & self-efficacy, RTSS, Implementation science.

What does RTSS stand for?

Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System

What is the focus of implementation science in cognitive rehabilitation?

Examining how evidence-based interventions can be integrated into real-world practice.

What is one of the clinical benefits of group assignments?

Enhances clinical reasoning through collaboration.

What is the importance of interprofessional collaboration in cognitive rehab?

It reduces siloed care through shared processes and perspectives.

What are some contextual factors that affect cognition?

Psychological factors (motivation/engagement), somatic factors (pain/fatigue), environmental factors (noise/lighting).

What should clinicians focus on beyond identifying cognitive impairments?

Understanding how impairments interact with communication and daily life.

What is the significance of the biopsychosocial model in the ICF framework?

It describes health and functioning beyond just impairments.

What is the role of personal factors in cognitive rehabilitation?

They include mood, beliefs, motivation, knowledge, and skills that influence outcomes.

What is the expected format of midterms and finals in this course?

Multiple choice.

What is the expected class format for CMSD-570-01?

Live classes with a mix of lecture and guest speakers.

What is a fun fact about the professor?

She has 4 nieces and 1 nephew.

What is one of the professor's clinical experiences?

Clinical Educator at University of Delaware master's program in Speech Language Pathology.

What is the goal of cognitive rehabilitation according to the course?

Facilitating functional change and quality of life.

What is the importance of open communication in the course?

Students should express if they do not understand something.

What is the expected behavior regarding cameras during class?

Cameras should be turned on, even if students are eating dinner.

What is a key component of effective cognitive rehabilitation?

Systematic evaluation of treatment outcomes.

What is the primary goal of rehabilitation for cognitive-communication disorders?

To restore impaired functions if possible, compensate for deficits, and educate/train individuals.

What are the three main categories of interventions in cognitive rehabilitation?

Restorative, Compensatory, and Environmental Modification.

What is the goal of restorative interventions?

To improve or rebuild the impaired skill, such as activities to improve memory.

What is the goal of compensatory interventions?

To teach strategies to work around the impairment, like using a planner for daily tasks.

What is the goal of environmental modification?

To change surroundings to support success, such as teaching families to give one-step directions.

Which populations are commonly affected by cognitive-communication disorders?

Individuals with TBI, stroke, dementia, Parkinson's disease, and mild cognitive impairment.

What are some observed difficulties in Alex's communication after his brain injury?

Forgetting discussions, going off-topic, difficulty following longer conversations, and frustration in explaining.

What is a cognitive-communication disorder?

A disorder where cognitive impairments disrupt communication effectiveness, efficiency, independence, or participation.

What is the significance of neuroanatomic knowledge for speech-language pathologists (SLPs)?

It helps anticipate strengths and vulnerabilities, select appropriate assessments, and build meaningful intervention plans.

What are the clinical signs of damage to the left hemisphere of the brain?

Aphasia, apraxia, agraphia, and issues with language and sequential processing.

What cognitive functions are associated with the frontal lobe?

Executive function, motor planning, attention, and speech (Broca's area).

What cognitive functions are associated with the temporal lobe?

Auditory processing, language comprehension (Wernicke's area), and memory.

What impact does damage to the parietal lobe have?

It can lead to neglect, difficulty with reading/writing, and issues with body awareness.

What is the role of the cerebellum in cognitive communication?

It coordinates movement, motor learning, and balance; damage can cause ataxia and dysarthria.

What is the function of the brainstem?

It regulates basic life functions such as breathing and heart rate, and maintains arousal/alertness.

What is the role of the limbic system in cognitive communication?

It is involved in memory (hippocampus) and emotion (amygdala), affecting TBI and emotional regulation.

What are the effects of damage to the thalamus?

It can lead to impaired attention and sensory deficits.

How does damage to the basal ganglia affect cognitive communication?

It regulates movement and procedural memory, often affected in Parkinson's disease.

What cognitive-communication impairments are associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI)?

Attention, memory, and executive dysfunction.

What cognitive-communication impairments are associated with dementia?

Memory loss, language decline, and disorientation.

What is the focus of the neuro quiz mentioned in the notes?

To review neuroanatomy and trauma-informed care, with multiple attempts allowed.

What is the significance of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) survey?

It provides insights into caseload characteristics for speech-language pathologists.

What is one thing students are encouraged to reflect on after meeting Alex?

Their understanding of cognitive-communication disorders and their curiosity about the topic.

What is the expected outcome of the breakout room questions regarding Alex?

To develop questions about Alex's everyday situations related to communication and cognitive challenges.

What does 'intersectionality' refer to in the context of marginalized groups?

Intersectionality refers to the combined effect of various forms of oppression (e.g., racism, sexism, TBI) that produce distinct experiences of discrimination.

Why is understanding social determinants of health important in TBI-related outcomes?

Social determinants of health, such as economic factors and healthcare access, significantly impact health-related outcomes for individuals with TBI.

What are some increased risk factors post-TBI?

Increased risk factors include criminalization, loss of stable housing, drug/alcohol dependence, and greater mental health needs.

What percentage of TBI survivors experience intimate partner violence (IPV)?

75-87% of IPV survivors experience TBI.

What are some barriers impacting healthcare service access for marginalized populations?

Barriers include lack of culturally competent providers, healthcare literacy issues, and experiences of racism in healthcare access.

What is the prevalence of TBI in the criminal justice population?

TBI prevalence is extremely high, with 35.7%-88% of adults and 16.5-72% of juveniles having experienced TBI.

What are the implications of communication disorders in the criminal justice system?

Communication disorders can affect interactions with police, court systems, and prison environments, complicating legal processes.

What does 'precariously housed' refer to?

Precariously housed individuals experience unstable living conditions, such as rough sleeping or couch surfing, often not by choice.

What are some intersectional factors affecting precariously housed individuals?

Factors include poorer physical and mental health, sleep disturbances, and increased involvement in the criminal justice system.

What challenges do Indigenous persons face regarding TBI and healthcare?

Indigenous persons face higher rates of TBI but lower healthcare usage due to poor access and historical colonial practices.

What is the estimated TBI prevalence among refugees and asylum seekers?

TBI prevalence rates among refugees and asylum seekers are estimated at 51-69% due to violence, torture, and IPV.

What are some cultural considerations for refugees with TBI seeking care?

Considerations include access to rehabilitative services in their home country, cultural implications of trauma, and finding culturally competent providers.

What roles do speech-language pathologists (SLPs) play in supporting marginalized populations?

SLPs focus on real-world function, advocacy, counseling, and trauma-informed care practices.

What are key components of trauma-informed practices in therapy?

Key components include listening more than speaking, inviting client participation, and using motivational interviewing.

What is the significance of the term 'marginalized' in healthcare?

Marginalized refers to groups that experience systemic disadvantages and barriers to accessing healthcare services.

What does the term 'underserved' imply in the context of healthcare?

'Underserved' refers to populations that have insufficient access to healthcare resources and services.

What is the impact of trauma on communication abilities?

Trauma can lead to changes in social communication, resulting in exploitation, isolation, and social challenges.

How does the WHO model influence SLP practices?

The WHO model encourages SLPs to move beyond diagnosis to focus on functionality and real-world application.

What is the average age of first TBI among precariously housed individuals?

The average age of first TBI among precariously housed individuals is 15 years old.

What are the long-term consequences of sustaining a TBI at a young age?

Sustaining a TBI at a young age can impact executive development, high school graduation, and future financial stability.

What are some common co-occurring issues with IPV and TBI?

Common issues include poverty, mental health challenges, substance use, and exploitation.

What is the role of advocacy in SLP practices for marginalized populations?

Advocacy involves promoting access to services and support for individuals facing systemic barriers.

What does 'culturally competent care' entail?

Culturally competent care involves understanding and respecting diverse cultural backgrounds and practices in healthcare.

Why is it important for SLPs to be aware of secondary trauma?

Awareness of secondary trauma is important to prevent burnout and ensure effective support for clients.

What is the significance of mindfulness in trauma-informed practices?

Mindfulness can help create a safe and calming environment for clients, facilitating better therapeutic outcomes.

What percentage of health-related outcomes do Social Determinants of Health (SDH) account for?

30-55%

Name a factor that may impact health outcomes and should be incorporated into intervention.

Housing

What is an example of a service related to food insecurity?

Paperwork for supplemental food assistance

What role do trauma professionals play in interprofessional teaming for TBIs?

They are considered key team members when addressing intersectionalities.

What is the importance of being active beyond a referral pipeline in communication needs?

It may involve helping with case management aspects.

What is one resource students are encouraged to explore?

Resources for underserved, marginalized groups.

What organization provides information on communication disorders for refugees?

World Health Organization

What is the focus of the TBI Youth Justice Website?

Addressing the needs of young people with TBI in the justice system.

What is the intersection of IPV and TBI discussed in the resources?

Understanding how abuse and brain injury are related.

What is a key focus of the National Healthcare for the Homeless Council?

Diagnosis and treatment of traumatic brain injury.

What is one of the roles of speech-language pathologists in youth justice?

Supporting young people in youth justice.

What is the significance of the term 'cognitive-communication disorders' in the criminal justice system?

It highlights emerging roles and responsibilities for Speech-Language Pathologists.

What is the purpose of the Advocacy Video related to TBI?

To address the needs of young people with TBI.

What is the relevance of attention to assessment of language deficits?

Attention is crucial for understanding and addressing language impairments.

What are some ways attention can be incorporated into language treatment?

Examples include targeted exercises and strategies to enhance focus.

What should clinicians understand about cognitive models and frameworks?

They are essential for effective cognitive rehabilitation.

What are impression/impact statements used for in assessments?

To evaluate the quality of life impact following assessment.

What does SMART stand for in goal setting for interventions?

Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound.

What is one challenge faced by speech-language pathologists in clinical practice?

Addressing differentiated supports for various therapeutic populations.

Why is it important to review intervention modalities?

To ensure they are effective and tailored to individual needs.

What is the focus of the additional reading titled 'Reducing Attention Deficits After Stroke Using Attention Process Training'?

It discusses a randomized controlled trial on attention training.

What is a key learning objective related to attention in cognitive communication disorders?

To compare the extent of attention deficits in different neurologically impaired populations.

What is one of the references discussing trauma-informed care for pediatric service providers?

Changes in knowledge, beliefs, self-efficacy, and affective commitment to change.

What is the significance of the article 'Cognitive-communication disorders and neurodisability in the criminal justice system'?

It addresses the roles of speech-language pathologists in this context.

What is the focus of the article 'Abused and Brain Injured: Understanding the Intersection of IPV and TBI'?

To explore the relationship between intimate partner violence and traumatic brain injury.

What is a common theme in the references related to communication disabilities?

The need for trauma-informed services and understanding in various contexts.

What does the term 'precariously housed' refer to in the context of brain injury?

Individuals who are homeless or at risk of homelessness and may have experienced brain injury.

Why is attention relevant to the assessment of language deficits?

Attention is crucial as it affects language processing and communication skills.