Colonies and New England History Flashcards

Flashcards covering New England colonial economics, political history, key historical figures, and Native American conflicts.

Dominion of New England

A royal colony created in 1686 by Royal authority, ruling New England under a chosen English representative to enforce the Navigation Acts, revoke colonial charters, and expand over New York and New Jersey.

Sir Edmund Andros

The unwelcome English representative chosen to rule the Dominion of New England following a royal crackdown on Massachusetts for failing to obey the Navigation Acts.

Mercantilism

An economic system where colonies exist to supply raw materials and serve as a market for home-country goods, requiring all trade with other nations to pass through the home-country.

Middle Colonies

A diverse region including New Jersey and Pennsylvania focused on trade, agriculture, and manufacturing, centered along three large north-to-south rivers (Delaware, Susquehanna, and Hudson).

Roger Williams

A preacher expelled from Massachusetts in c. 1638 for 'new and dangerous opinions' who advocated complete separation of church and state, paid Native Americans for land, and founded Rhode Island.

Anne Hutchinson

A religious figure expelled from Massachusetts in 1638 after holding meetings in her home and challenging leadership by criticizing ministers for not preaching the Covenant of Grace.

William Penn

The Quaker founder who established Pennsylvania as a proprietary colony in 1682, granting religious freedom, promoting pacifism, and making land treaties with Native Americans.

Mayflower Compact

The 1620 agreement recognized as the first written form of self-government in New England.

Metacom (King Philip)

The Wampanoag chief who organized neighboring tribes in 1675 to attack English settlements using guerilla warfare before being killed and decapitated.

King Philip's War

A 1675 conflict between Native tribes and English settlers that resulted in 1,000s of British deaths and 4,500 Indian deaths, ensuring Native Americans in the region would never fully rebel again.

Great Puritan Migration

A period spanning from 1629 to 1640 during which a large influx of Puritan settlers arrived in New England.

Bible Commonwealth

A system of government in Puritan New England where voting rights were restricted to male church members, representing roughly $\frac{1}{5}$ of adult white males.

Pequot War

A 1637 conflict during which Puritans set fire to a Pequot village and killed 500 Pequots, following a 1633 smallpox epidemic that killed over 10,000 Pequots.

Praying Towns

Settlements created by Puritans to convert Native Americans to Christianity as a means of controlling and pacifying them.

Oliver Cromwell

The dictator who ruled England during the Commonwealth period (1650–1651) following the execution of King Charles, during which English colonies governed themselves.

Dominion of New England

A royal colony created in 1686 by Royal authority, ruling New England under a chosen English representative to enforce the Navigation Acts, revoke colonial charters, and expand over New York and New Jersey.

Sir Edmund Andros

The unwelcome English representative chosen to rule the Dominion of New England following a royal crackdown on Massachusetts for failing to obey the Navigation Acts.

Mercantilism

An economic system where colonies exist to supply raw materials and serve as a market for home-country goods, requiring all trade with other nations to pass through the home-country.

Middle Colonies

A diverse region including New Jersey and Pennsylvania focused on trade, agriculture, and manufacturing, centered along three large north-to-south rivers (Delaware, Susquehanna, and Hudson).

Roger Williams

A preacher expelled from Massachusetts in c. 1638 for 'new and dangerous opinions' who advocated complete separation of church and state, paid Native Americans for land, and founded Rhode Island.

Anne Hutchinson

A religious figure expelled from Massachusetts in 1638 after holding meetings in her home and challenging leadership by criticizing ministers for not preaching the Covenant of Grace.

William Penn

The Quaker founder who established Pennsylvania as a proprietary colony in 1682, granting religious freedom, promoting pacifism, and making land treaties with Native Americans.

Mayflower Compact

The 1620 agreement recognized as the first written form of self-government in New England.

Metacom (King Philip)

The Wampanoag chief who organized neighboring tribes in 1675 to attack English settlements using guerilla warfare before being killed and decapitated.

King Philip's War

A 1675 conflict between Native tribes and English settlers that resulted in 1,000s of British deaths and 4,500 Indian deaths, ensuring Native Americans in the region would never fully rebel again.

Great Puritan Migration

A period spanning from 1629 to 1640 during which a large influx of Puritan settlers arrived in New England.

Bible Commonwealth

A system of government in Puritan New England where voting rights were restricted to male church members, representing roughly $\frac{1}{5}$ of adult white males.

Pequot War

A 1637 conflict during which Puritans set fire to a Pequot village and killed 500 Pequots, following a 1633 smallpox epidemic that killed over 10,000 Pequots.

Praying Towns

Settlements created by Puritans to convert Native Americans to Christianity as a means of controlling and pacifying them.

Oliver Cromwell

The dictator who ruled England during the Commonwealth period (1650–1651) following the execution of King Charles, during which English colonies governed themselves.

Navigation Acts

A series of trade laws strictly enforcing mercantilism by requiring colonial trade to pass through England, leading to colonial crackdowns when disobeyed.

1633 Smallpox Epidemic

A devastating disease outbreak in New England that killed over 10,000 Pequots prior to the 1637 Pequot War.

Covenant of Grace

The theological doctrine centered on God's free gift of salvation, which Anne Hutchinson accused Massachusetts Puritan ministers of failing to preach.

Glorious Revolution (1688)

The English political event in 1688 that forced King James II out of power, leading to the collapse and phasing out of the Dominion of New England.

Demographics of the Middle Colonies

A highly diverse population made up of Dutch settlers in the Hudson Valley, alongside large populations of German and Scotch-Irish immigrants in Pennsylvania.