Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies

Vitamin A

vision, epithelial lining, cellular metabolism - night blindness, keratin in epithelium, slowed growth

Vitamin D

Ca/P absorption and metabolism - bone disorders and rickets

Vitamin E

antioxidant, Se absorption, reproductive functions in some - white muscle disease, possibly infertility in some species

Vitamin K

blood clotting - inc hemorrhaging or longer clotting time

Vitamin B complex

B1

B2

B6

B12

folic acid, biotin, niacin, pantothenic acid

coenzymes in chem rxns to release energy, maintain skin and tissue and RBCs - skin lesions, weakness, paralysis, dermatitis, anemia (B12)

Calcium

bone/tooth formation, muscle contraction - rickets, slow bone development

Phosphorus

bone/tooth formation, enzyme component, DNA/RNA - rough hair coat, slow growth

Mg

enzyme activator, in skeletal tissue - lowered appetite, hyperirritability, convulsions

Na

electrolyte, muscle contractions, maintain body fluid levels- loss of weight, salt craving

K

electrolyte and its balance, enzyme activator- reduced appetite, heart lesions

Cl

electrolyte, acid-base balance, osmotic pressure, HCl component - reduced appetite, salt craving

S

amino acid synthesis in ruminants - slow growth, low feed efficiency

Iron

component of hemoglobin - anemia