Exam 2 - Lower Limb Muscles + Ligaments

Gluteus maximus origin and insertion

Originate at sacrum coccyx, posteromodial ilium, and sacrotuberous ligament. Inserts at proximal posterior femur.

Gluteus maximus action

Extend thigh from flexed position and functions during running, climbing, stairs/slope

Gluteus media and minimus origin

Iliac blade

Gluteus medias insertion

Greater trochlear of femur

Gluteus medias action

Abduct thigh at hip join

Function to keep pelvis level during support phase of commotion

Gluteus minimus insertion

Anterior aspect of femur greater trochanter

Gluteus minimus action

Hip abduction and medial rotation

Hamstring muscle names

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

Long head of biceps femoris

Hamstring muscles origin point

Ischial tuberosity

Semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscle insertion

Medial condyle

Long head of biceps femoris insertion

Head of fibula

Hamstring muscle compartment

Posterior muscles between hip and knee joint

Overall function of hamstring muscles

Active during running

Active during hip flexion

During walking, function to decelerate thigh

Short head of biceps femoris origin point

Linea aspera

Short head of biceps femoris insertion point

Lateral aspect of head of fibula

Short head of biceps femoris action

Flex knee at knee joint

Quadraceps femoris muscle names

Rectus femoris, vastus medialus, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis

Quadraceps femoris muscle insertion point

Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Quadraceps femoris action

Extend leg at knee joint

Function to prevent dislocation

Iliopsoas group muscle names

Iliacus and psoas major

Origin of iliacus muscle

Iliac fossa

Origin of psoas major muscle

Vertebral bodies of T12 to L5

Insertion of iliopsoas muscles

Lesser trochanter of femur

Action of iliopsoas muscles

Flex thigh at hip joint

Function to resist hyperextension during standing

Calf muscles location and names

Posterior compartment between knee joint and ankle

Soleus and gastrocnemius

Origin of soleus muscle

Fibula and tibia

Origin of gastrocnemius muscle

Condyles of femur

Insertion point of soleus and gastrocnemius

Calcaneal tuberosity

Action of calf muscles

Plantar flexion at ankle joint (used while walking and ankle flexed to propel forward)

Soleus functions to maintain upright posture during standing

Function of meniscus

Shock absorber

Reduce friction in knee joint

Function of collateral ligaments

Resist medial/lateral displacement

Resist hyperextension

Function of cruciate ligament

Resist hyperextension of knee joint

Unhappy triad ligaments

Medical meniscus, medial collateral ligament, and anterior cruciate ligament