APcomp unit test 🫩

computing device

a physical object that can run a program

computing systems

a group of computing devices working together for a common purpose

computer network

a group of interconnected computing devices/individual machines capable of sending and receiving data

a type of computing system

sequence

the order of instructions or collection of data

routing

the process of finding a path from sender to receiver

bandwidth

the amount of data (bits) sent per second

internet

the global, interconnected networks that use standard, public, communications protocols

world wide web (www)

the main service(not network) used on the internet, consisting of interconnected web pages, images, and videos

how is the internet scalable?

the internet can change in size and capacity to meet new demands

protocol

an agreed upon set of rules that specify the behavior of a system

T or F: all computing devices are connected to the internet

false

data stream

a continuous flow of data pieces, which are incapsulated in packets. these packets may arrive out of order, and are reassembled by TCP

HTTP

a protocol used by the www, responsible for request and delivery of documents

how is the internet fault tolerant

redundancy; there are multiple route options in case one fails

what makes a system fault tolerant

there are multiple route options between every computer

sequential computing

computing in which operations are formed in order and one at a time

parallel computing

a computational model where the program is broken into smaller operations and some are performed simultaneously

distributed computing

a computational model in which multiple devices are used to run a program, often involves both sequential and parallel computing

how is the speedup of a parallel solution measured

(time for completing task sequentially)/(time it took to the complete the task in parallel)

what are the 3 major parts of the internet+examples?

-the first and last mile(core and edge)

ex:cell towers

-data centers or hubs

ex: verizon, AT&T

the backbone: wired along sea floor

sensor

a hardware device that can either take in or put out a signal

IoT (internet of things)

everyday objects connected to the internet

ex:ventra cards, airtags

node

a computing device with a network interface card that allows it to have an IP address

network interface card

a hardware component that connects a computing device to a network

network switches

nodes that connect messages or devices to the same network

DNS (Domain Nsme System)

Translates website names into numberical IP addresses

host name

unique identifier for a device

domain example

vonsteuben

sub domain and top level domain example

sub domain ex: www

top level domain ex: .com

TCP(transmission control protocol)

establishes a common standard for how to send messages between devices on the internet

what does the S represent in HTTPS?

secures/encrypts files that are sent

OS(operating system)

manages computers hardware and programs. schedules tasks

ISP(internet service provider)

a company that provides access to the internet

what is a port?

a few extra bits/numbers IP addresses are tagged with

NAT(network address translation)

conservera IP address, and makes it possible for outside computers to know which computers opened a given IP address

buffer? what happens when it fills up?

a temporary memory to transmit packets, if it fills up, it discards incoming packets it can’t hold

SMTP(simple mail transport protocol)

used for sending emails

net neutrality

all ISPs(internet service providers) treat internet traffic equally

the cloud

storing data files on massive computers(servers) owned by large companies