Bio 20 exam 1

Which of the following foods is NOT made by fermentation? bread beer cheese orange juice

orange juice

Who is considered the “father of Western medicine”?

hippocrates

Who was the first to observe “animalcules” under the microscope?

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

Who proposed that swamps might harbor tiny, disease-causing animals too small to see?

Marcus Terentius Varro

Which of the following was NOT a kingdom in Linnaeus’s taxonomy? animal

mineral

\
protist

\
plant

mineral

Which of the following is a correct usage of binomial nomenclature? *Homo Sapiens*

*homo sapiens*

*Homo sapiens*

*Homo Sapiens*

Homo sapiens

Which scientist proposed adding a kingdom for protists?

Ernest Haeckel

Which of the following is NOT a domain in Woese and Fox’s phylogenetic tree? Plantae

Bacteria

Archaea

Eukarya

Plantae

Which of the following is the standard resource for identifying bacteria? *Systema Naturae*

\
Bergey’s *Manual of Determinative Bacteriology*

\
Woese and Fox’s phylogenetic tree

\
Haeckel’s *General Morphology of Organisms*

Bergey’s *Manual of Determinative Bacteriology*

Which of the following types of microorganisms is photosynthetic? yeast

\
virus

\
helminth

alga

alga

Which of the following is a prokaryotic microorganism? helminth

\
protozoan

\
cyanobacterium

\
mold

cyanobacterium

Which of the following is acellular? virus

\
bacterium

\
fungus

\
protozoan

virus

Which of the following is a type of fungal microorganism? bacterium

\
protozoan

\
alga

\
yeast

yeast

Which of the following is not a subfield of microbiology? bacteriology botany clinical microbiology virology

botany

Which of the following has the highest energy?

light with a long wavelength

light with an intermediate wavelength

\
light with a short wavelength

\
It is impossible to tell from the information given

light with a short wave length

You place a specimen under the microscope and notice that parts of the specimen begin to emit light immediately. These materials can be described as ______________.

fluorescent

Who was the first to describe “cells” in dead cork tissue?

Robert Hooke

Who is the probable inventor of the compound microscope?

Zaccharias Janssen

What mordant is used in Gram staining?

iodine

What individuals argued in favor of the theory of spontaneous generation?

john needham

What individuals is credited for definitively refuting the theory of spontaneous generation using broth in swan-neck flask?

louis pasteur

Which of the following experimented with raw meat, maggots, and flies in an attempt to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation

Francesco Redi

Exposure to air is necessary for microbial growth. T/f

false

Which of the following individuals did not contribute to the establishment of cell theory?

Girolamo Fracastoro

Matthias Schleiden

Robert Remak

Robert Hooke

Girolamo Fracastoro

Whose proposal of the endosymbiotic theory of mitochondrial and chloroplast origin was ultimately accepted by the greater scientific community?

lynn margulis

Who developed a set of postulates for determining whether a particular disease is caused by a particular pathogen?

robert koch

Which of the following terms refers to a prokaryotic cell that is curved rod shaped?

vibrio

Which bacterial structures are important for adherence to surfaces?

fimbriae capsules

Which of the following cell wall components is unique to gram-negative cells?

lipopolysaccharide

teichoic acid

mycolic acid

peptidoglycan

lipopolysaccharide

Which of the following terms refers to a bacterial cell having a single tuft of flagella at one end?

monotrichous

amphitrichous

peritrichous

lophotrichous

lophotrichous

Bacterial cell walls are primarily composed of

peptidoglycan

Bacteria have 80S ribosomes each composed of a 60S large subunit and a 40S small subunit. T/f

false

Which of the following organelles is not part of the endomembrane system?

endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

lysosome

peroxisome

peroxisome

Which type of cytoskeletal fiber is important in the formation of the nuclear lamina?

intermediate filaments

Sugar groups may be added to proteins in which of the following?

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

lysosome

golgi apparatus

Which of the following structures of a eukaryotic cell is not likely derived from endosymbiotic bacterium?

mitochondrial DNA

mitochondrial ribosomes

inner membrane

outer membrane

outer membrane

Which type of nutrient uptake involves the engulfment of small dissolved molecules into vesicles?

active transport

pinocytosis

receptor-mediated endocytosis

facilitated diffusion

pinocytosis

Which of the following is not composed of microtubules? desmosomes centrioles eukaryotic flagella eukaryotic cilia

desmosomes

Mitochondria in eukaryotic cells contain ribosomes that are structurally similar to those found in prokaryotic cells.

true

Which of the following has a spiral shape?

spirillum

Acid stains

do not stain the cells

Which of the following developed a set of postulates for determining whether a particular disease is caused by a particular pathogen?

robert koch

1. The idea that life could appear from nonliving materials was called which of the following?

theory of spontaneous generation

Which of the following domains have cell walls made up of peptidoglycan?

bacteria

Who is considered to be the father of Binomial nomenclature?

carl linnaeus

Which of the following bacterial species is classified as high G+C gram-positive?

corynebacterium diphtheriae

Which of the following is the organelle that spirochetes use to propel themselves?

axial filaments

Which of the following bacteria are the most prevalent in the human gut?

bacteroides

Which of the following refers to photosynthesis performed by bacteria with the use of water as the donor of electrons?

oxygenic

Which of the following describes Proteobacteria in domain Bacteria?

phylum

All Alphaproteobacteria are which of the following?

oligotrophs

Class Betaproteobacteria includes all but which of the following genera? Neisseria. Bordetella. Leptothrix Campylobacter

Campylobacter

*Haemophilus influenzae* is a common cause of which of the following?

upper respiratory tract infections

what are betaproteobacteria

eutrophs

gammaproteobacteria are what type of class

largest and most diverse

Two species of bacteria live in near each other and use similar food resources. Which type of biological interaction does this describe?

competitive interaction

Which term best describes the relationship between pathogenic bacteria and humans?

parasitism

What are the three domains

bacteria archaea eukarya

What are the kingdoms of eukarya

protists fungi animals plants

Which of the following has a spherical shape?

coccus

Which of the following has a rod shape?

bacillus

Which of the following has a spherical and rod shape?

coccobacillus

Which of the following has a corkscrew shape?

spirochete

true false archaea have peptidoglycan cell walls

false

where are archaea found

in every habitat on earth

what type of cell wall do algae have

cellulose

yeasts are unicellular meaning they have cell walls made out of

chitin

what is the CFB group

cytophaga fusobacteria bacteroides

What is the importance of fusobacteria

they inhabit the mouth and can cause infections

why are bacteroides significant

30% of microbiota in gut

what does G and C mean in high and low G+C

guanine cytosine

what is the diagnostic test for tb

mycolic acid, acid fast stain

What are some diseases for high G+C

mycobacterium tuberculosis Cornyebacterium diphtheria

Example of Low G+C

Clostridium botulinum or tetani

What special features does Clostridium have

have endospores are obligate anaerobes

why is lactobacillus improtant

it is part of the vaginal microbiota that maintains acid pH

what does hemolysis mean

breakdown of red blood cells