AP Psych Unit 5 Test

Memory

The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storing, and retrieval of info.

Alzeimer’s disease

Severely damages the brain; and in the process strips away memory.

Recall

The ability to remember information without clues or hints

Recognition

the ability to identify information you have learned before when you see or hear it again

Relearning

the process of learning information again, usually faster than the first time because you remember some of it.

Encoding

the process of taking in information and turning it into a form your brain can store in memory ; Studying vocabulary words and learning what they mean so your brain can remember them.

Storage

is the process of keeping information in your memory so you can remember it later

Retrieval

is the process of bringing information out of your memory when you need it ; Remembering the answer to a question on a test without looking at your notes.

Parallel Processing

is when your brain processes multiple pieces of information at the same time

Sensory Memory

is the very brief storage of information you get through your senses, like what you see, hear, or feel

Short-term Memory

is the ability to hold a small amount of information in your mind for a short period of time.

Long-term Memory

is the ability to store information in your memory for a long period of time, from hours to years.

Working Memory

is the ability to hold and use information in your mind while doing a task.

Explicit Memory

are memories you consciously remember, like facts, events, or experiences.

Effortful Processing

is when you have to pay attention and work hard to learn or remember information.

Automatic Processing

is when your brain takes in information without you having to consciously try or put in much effort.

Implicit Memory

is a memory that affects your behavior without you consciously realizing or trying to remember it.

Iconic Memory

is the very brief memory of something you see, lasting only a fraction of a second.

Echoic Memory

is the very brief memory of something you hear, lasting only a few seconds.

Chunking

is when you group information into smaller groups to make it easier to remember.

Mnemonics

are tricks or techniques that help you remember information more easily.

Hierarchies

are ways of organizing information into groups, from the most general to the most specific, to make it easier to remember.

Spacing Effect

is when you learn information better by studying it over several days instead of all at once.

Testing Effect

is when you remember information better by testing yourself on it instead of just rereading it

Shallow Processing

is when you focus on the basic appearance or sound of information instead of its meaning ; Remembering that the word “CAT” is written in capital letters without thinking about what the word means.

Deep Processing

is when you focus on the meaning of information to help you remember it better ; Remembering the word “generous” by thinking about how it means being kind and giving to others.

Semantic Memory

is memory for facts, meanings, and general knowledge that you know

Episodic Memory

is memory of personal experiences and events that happened in your life

Hippocampus

is a part of the brain that helps you form and store new memories

Memory Consolidation

is the process of making new memories stronger and more stable so you can remember them later

Cerebellum’s Role

is the part of the brain that helps you with balance, coordination, and smooth movements.

Basal Ganglia’s Role

are the parts of the brain that help you control movements and form habits.

Amygdala’s Role

he part of the brain that helps you process emotions, especially fear and anger.

Infantile Amnesia

The inability to remember most events from the first few years of your life.

Flashbulb Memory

A clear, detailed memory of an emotional or surprising event.

Prospective Memory

A clear, detailed memory of an emotional or surprising event.

LTP

Long-term potentiation is when connections between brain cells become stronger, making it easier to remember and learn things.

Aplysia

A sea slug used in research to study how learning and memory work in the brain.

Maintenance Rehearsal

Repeating information over and over to help keep it in your short-term memory.

Elaborative Rehearsal

Connecting new information to something you already know to help you remember it better.

Priming

When seeing or hearing something influences how you think about or respond to something later

Encoding Specificity Principle

You remember information better when the clues at the time of remembering match the clues from when you learned it.

Context-Dependence

You remember information better when you are in the same environment where you learned it

Mood Congruence

When your current mood affects your memories, making you more likely to remember things that match how you feel.

State-Dependence

You remember information better when you are in the same physical or emotional state as when you learned it.

Serial Position Effect

You tend to remember the first and last items in a list better than the ones in the middle

Forgetting

When you are unable to remember information you learned before.

Anterograde Amnesia

The inability to form new long-term memories after a brain injury or damage.

Retrograde Amnesia

The inability to remember events that happened before a brain injury or damage.

Storage Decay

When memories fade or weaken over time if they aren’t used.

Retrieval Failure

When you can’t remember information that is stored in your memory because you can’t find the right clues to bring it back.

Proactive Interference

When old information makes it harder to remember new information.

Retroactive Interference

When new information makes it harder to remember old information.

Positive Transfer

When what you learned before helps you learn something new.

Tip-Of-The-Tongue Phenomenon

When you know something but can’t quite remember it at the moment.

Repression

When your mind unconsciously pushes painful or upsetting memories out of your awareness.

Reconsolidation

When a memory becomes changeable when you remember it, then gets stored again.

Misinformation Effect

When false information you hear after an event changes how you remember it.

Imagination Inflation

When imagining an event makes you more likely to believe it actually happened.

Source Amnesia

When you remember information but forget where or how you learned it.

Deja Vu

The feeling that you have experienced something before, even though it’s happening for the first time.

Cognition