Pharmacology Test

What are the 4 classifications of Shock

Nuerogenic, Hypovelemic, Cardigenic, Vasogenic

What does Neurogenic mean?

Shock due to damage to upper spinal cord or spinal anestesia

What does hypovolemic mean? (test q)

Shock due to loss of blood and/or tissue volume

What does Cardiogenic mean?

Shock due to cardiac event such as infarction

Vasogenic

Shock due to sepsis, deep anesthesia or anaphalaxis

What is Anaphalactic shock?

A type of vasogenic shock that is the most commonly encourterned in medical imaging

What type of shock is anaphalactic shock?

Vasogenic shock

Hypoglycemia

Means that excessive insulin is present, can occir os patient takes a normal dose of insulin and does not eat (like for exam prep). Eating a quick carbohydrate or glucose tablet is needed to treat this.

What do patients need to consume when they are begining to be hypoglycemic?

a quick carbohydrate or glucose tablet

How can respitory distress be reversed?

Using narcan which is in the crash cart

What is a cerebrovascular accident?

A stroke/brain bleed

What does syncope mean?

Fainting

What is a hemmorage

Bleeding outside of a blood vessel

What can a hemorrage lead to?

Hypovolemic shock

What is important to know about negative contrast agents? (because sarah said to know)

Low atomic number and appear radiolucent (darker) on an image

What is important to know about positive contrast agents? (because sarah said to know)

High atomic number and are radioopaque (lighter) on an image

Are contrast media atomic numbers higher or lower?

Higher so that they stand out in the body on an image

Is Ionic Iodine contrast media identified as higher or lower osmoality and why?

higher osmoality because of their osmatic affects - associated with higher contrast reactions

What is the measure of the total number of particles in solution per kilogram of water called?

Osmoality

Another way to say lower osmoality

Non-osmatic

Term for how thick a liquid is

Viscosity

Why do we want a lower viscosity for contrast?

We want viscosity of contrast to be less so that it doesnt blow a persons blood vessel

What are 3 lab tests to asses the kidneys

BUN , GFR, and creatinine

When and for how long do we stop taking metformin for a contrast medium study

48 hours before and continue 48 hours after

What are the ranges for BUN, Creatinine, and GFR

BUN: 7-21mg/dL

Creatinine: 0.7-1.5mg/dL

GFR: 90 to 120 mL/min

What are mild reactions to contrast (not sideffects)

Headaches, itching, anxiety, sweats

What are moderate reactions to contrast (not sideffects)

Hypotension, dyspnea, and wheezing

What are moderate reactions to contrast (not sideffects)

Severe larangyl edema, unresponsiveness, cardiac arrest

Why is it extra important to monitor visosity of contrast when administering to a pediatric patient

Their veins are smaller

The name of a drug that identifies it’s chemical structure is reffered to as what?

Chemical name

The ame that a drug is called when it becomes commercially avvailible is reffered to as what? (NEVER CAPITALIZED)

Commercial name

The name given to a drug by a particular manufacturer to a drug is what?

Brand name

Drugs being classified by their chemical action is called what?

Drug families

Drugs that lead to loss of ability to percieve pain are called what?

Anesthetics

Drug that inhibit clotitng are refered to as what?

Anti-coagulants

Drugs that inhibit vomiting are called what?

Antiemetics

Drugs that are used for the treatment of COPD and athesma are called what?

Bronchodialators

Drugs that are used to reduce imflammation are called what?

Corticosteroids

Drugs that are used to increase urine production are called what?

Diuretics

Anti imflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic (fever reducing) drugs are reffered to as what?

NSAIDS

Drug that reduces the effect of an opiod overdose

Narcan

Drugs that depress the central nervous system are called what?

Sedatives

Drugs that absorb clots in the bloodstream are called what?

Thrombolytics

Drugs that constrict blood vessel to raise the blood vessels

Vasocontrictors

Drugs that dilate blood vessel to lower the blood vessels

Vasodilators

4 types of pharmacokinetics

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, Excretion

Study of how a drug is absorbed into the body, circulates through the body, changes the body and then leaves the body through absorbtion, metbolation, and excretions

Pharmacokinetics

Main organ for excretion

Kidneys

Main organ for absorbtion

Liver

Need to know the 5 rights

Write them in later, essay q on test

Need to know Routes

write in later