AHP chapter 1 test

CAAHED

overseas accreditation

AST

professional organization for surgical technologists.

NBSTSA

CST Exam

Preoperative

before surgery

intraoperative

during surgery

postoperative

after surgery

Surgery that happens immediately

Emergent surgery

Surgery that happens within a short period of time

Urgent surgery

Surgery that is scheduled, medically nesessary, or optonal

elective surgery

pharmacy, pt, ot, rad, lab, hosp units, etc is apart of what two surgeries

Emergent and Urgent

parts of table/gown sterile along with a sterile margin of package of [ackage and correct order of openiing

Aseptic technique

without infection

asepsis

practices that prevent the spread of infection

aseptic technique

how far above the elbow do you need to scrub

2 inches

why do we do a surgical hand scrub

to remove as many microorganisms as possible from the hands and arms prior to donning the sterile gown and gloves

direction of rinsing

start at fingers and moving the arm forward under the water in a sweeping motion trying to not touch the sides of the sink and faucet to ensure that water flows from clean to dirty areas, minimizing contamination.

position of hands and arms post scrub

hands above the elbow, with elbows bent to allow water to run off.

closed gloving

people entering a sterile field .

open gloving

nonsterile personnel performing sterile talk.

why are cuffs covered on a gown

they are not sterile, it would be contaminated.

how is a drape hendled

never passed over somethig nonsterile and always passed folded.

placement of drape

placed on patient and then unfolded. NOT repositioned after placing them.

when is a gown sterile

front of gown from mid chest to the waist and the sleeves to 2in. above the elbow

what to do if unsure of sterility

Throw it out!!!!!!

how do sterile personell pass eachother

starile to sterile nonsterile to nonsterile

originates from outside the patient

exogenous

originates from inside the patient

endogenous.

Breech in asepsis

recognize it, announce it, remove it, correct it (immediately)

transfer of microorganisms from one person, object, or surface to another

cross contamination

contamination of a sterile field that occurs when moisture passes through a sterile barrier, carrying microorganisms from a nonsterile surface to a sterile one

strike-through contamination

organisms that live on the surface of the skin and are easily removed

resident flora.

how do you count

two people count together, everything much be visualized and audibly counted

order of counting

sponges - sharps - instruments.

order of counting field

field - mayo stand - back table - off the field

whan are your counts finished

right before skin is closed.

what to do for incorrect count

Immediately recount instruments, inspect the field, and document the discrepancy.

assisted by two individuals

self transfer

four (+) transfer

person too heavy, unableto move, anesthesia

where do people stand for transferring

one pushing and the other at the feet.

how to travel with patient

with the patients feet first.

when are the only two times the patients head goes first when transporting

going into a elevator, and/or deceased

where does a safety strap go for transfer equipment

2 inches above knees once on table

how are arms positioned in transfer

arm board are no more than 90 degreed abduction (away from midline) with staps to secure arms

what does trendelenburg acccess

pelvis and lower abdomen

modified supine head down, abdominopelvic organs up towards head, increase blood flow, drainage from lower body increases

trendelenburg positioning

head up, amdominal organs towards feet (caudad), blood flow to upper body reduced, drainage promoted, respiration

reverse tredelenburg

modified supine, hips at flex table, padded footboard, upper body at 45 degree angle

fowlers position

patient on back with foot section of table lowered, hips placed at table break, knees are fexed and legs are in stirrups, monitor change in blood pressure

lithotomy position

what does lithotomy position access

vagina, urethra, perineum, anus & rectum

what does kraske (jacknife) position access

anus and pilonidal area

modified prone position with hips over break of table, legs and head lowered, toes now on table but rest on pillow, knees cushioned, down ear protected, safety proximal to knees, hips and thighs are cushioned

Kraske (Jacknife) position

what is the purpose of skin prep

remove transient organisms from skin, decrease resident organisms

is skin sterile

no

direction of preps

initiated at incision site and moves outward in a widening circle-contaminated area is prepped last

single use applicator containing alcohol based solution that leaves a firm

order of one step prep

gentle scrub with soapy solution, then second coat with residual antiseptic

order of a two step prep

how is abdominal prepped

prep up to the nipple line, as far lateral as possible, down to pubis or upper thighs

how is perineal prepped

begins at pubic area using downward motion, each sponge discarded after going over anus. When prepping over abdomen you need new goves and seperate prep

why do you need to wear a nask as part of surgical attire

minimize respiratory contamination and when near open sterile supplies and during a surgery

when doy uo need to change your mask

changed between each case or when soiled

what is acceptable protective eyewear

laser or radiation protection, also something that covers sides

why do we wear PPE

protects the healthcare provider and patient from microbial and environmental hazards

when must consent be completed

before sedation

given by anesthesia, all routines completed before this is given, siderails up, patient is not left unattended

sedation

done before scheduling surgery, sensations they may feel during surgery, preop medications

patient education.

Damage to the network of nerves that run from your spinal cord through your neck and into your shoulder, arm, and hand

brachial plexus injury