Ancient Greece and Rome Lecture Review
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Vocabulary flashcards based on the lecture notes covering key terms, historical figures, and concepts of Ancient Greece and Rome.
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114 Terms
What were Greek city-states called?
Polis
Why did Greece develop city-states?
Mountains and islands separated people.
Which two city-states were the most powerful?
Athens and Sparta
What kind of government did Athens have?
Democracy
What kind of government did Sparta have?
Oligarchy
What kind of government did Corinth have?
Monarchy
What kind of government did Thebes have?
Oligarchy
What kind of government did Rhodes have?
Democracy
What is direct democracy?
People vote directly on issues.
Who was the source of power in Greek democracy?
Citizens.
Who could vote in Athens?
Adult male citizens who served in the military.
Who could not vote in Athens?
Women, foreigners, and slaves.
What was an acropolis?
A temple on a hill dedicated to a sacred god.
What was an agora?
The center of trade and government.
Who developed the Socratic Method?
Socrates
What did Socrates encourage students to do?
Ask lots of questions.
What happened to Socrates?
He was sentenced to death.
Who was Socrates’ student?
Plato
What school did Plato found?
The Acadamy.
What did Plato think about democracy?
People were not smart enough to govern.
What school did Aristotle found?
The Lyceum
Whose student was Aristotle?
Plato’s.
What did Aristotle study?
Types of government.
Who was Alexander’s father?
Philip of Macedon.
What did Philip want to build?
A large empire
Did Alexander ever lose a battle?
No
How long did Alexander fight?
15 years
How far did Alexander’s empire stretch?
From Greece to India.
How old was Alexander when he died?
32
What happened after Alexander died?
His generals divided the empire.
What was Alexander’s biggest accomplishment?
Spreading Greek culture.
What is Hellenistic culture?
A blend of Greek, Persian, Egyptian, and Indian cultures.
What is a republic?
Government where power belongs to the people.
What were the two Roman social classes?
Patricians and Plebeisns.
Who were the patricians?
Wealthy nobles.
Who controlled the government?
Patricians.
Who governed Rome?
Two consults and a 300-member Senate.
Who were the plebeians?
Laborers and small farmers.
Did plebeians have voting rights?
Yes.
Whose votes counted more?
Patricians’.
Who took over after the republic weakened?
Julius Caesar.
Who became the first emperor?
Augustus Caesar
What is an empire?
Many lands controlled by one ruler.
Who has more power in an empire?
The emperor
How did Caesar gain power?
As a military leader
what is a triumvirate?
Rule by three people
What happened after one leader died?
Civil War
What title did Caesar give himself?
Dictator for life
What happened to Caesar and 44 BCE?
He was assassinated.
What was Augustus’ original name?
Octavian.
What title did he accept in 27 BCE?
Augustus.
What does Augustus mean?
Exalted one
How long did Augustus rule?
41 years
What was Pax Ramona?
Roman peace
How long did Pax Ramona last?
200 years
What was the Parthenon Dedicated to?
Athena
What did aqueducts do?
Transported water
What subject did Romans value?
History, literature, and philosophy
What did Roman law influence?
European law
Could Roman woman vote?
No
Could Roman woman own land?
Yes
Were Greeks polytheistic or monotheistic?
Polytheistic
How many major gods and goddesses were there?
12
Who was the king of Greek gods?
Zeus
Where did the gods live?
Mount Olympus
Were Roman’s polytheistic or monotheistic?
Polytheistic
Who is king of the Roman gods?
Jupiter
What was the pantheon?
A temple to gods and goddesses
What happened to some emperors after death?
They were worshiped
Where was Jesus born?
Bethlehem
What religion was Jesus raised in?
Judaism
What did Jesus teach?
Turn from sin, believe in one God, forgive others
Who ordered Jesus’s death?
Pontius Pilate
How was Jesus executed?
crucifixion
What is the Christian holy book?
The Bible
Who spread Christianity after Jesus died
The apostles
Who often accepted Christianity first?
Slaves, commoners, and women
Which emperor legalized Christianity?
Constantine
What document legalized Christianity?
Edict of Milan
When was Christianity legalized?
313 CE
When did Christianity become the official religion?
392 CE
Why did Rome’s military weaken?
It relied on mercenaries.
Which invaders attacked Rome?
Germanic armies.
What political problem hurt Rome?
Civil wars?
What economic problem hurt Rome?
High taxes.
What social problem hurt Rome?
Extreme wealth gaps between rich and poor.
What geographical feature created independent communities in Greece?
Mountains.
What was Greece’s climate?
Hot dry, summers, and mild wet winters.
What was limited in Greece?
Farmland
Why was travel difficult in Greece?
Mountain separated communities
Why did cultural diffusion occur in Greece?
Traded and colonization
What did Athens focus on?
They focused on education, democracy, and the arts.
What did Sparta focus on?
Military training and discipline.
At what age did Spartan boys begin training?
7
Who ran Spartan homes?
Woman
What were wealthy Roman Noble’s called?
Patricians
What did Patrician’s control?
The government
What were the commoners called?
Plebeians
What percentage of Romans were plebeians?
About 90%
Who is at the bottom of Roman Society?
Slaves