biology: Exam 3 Review

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards reviewing epithelial tissues, connective tissues, muscle tissues, bone cells, synovial joint classifications, and nervous system divisions for Exam 3.

Simple squamous epithelium

Located in airsacs of lungs, allows materials to pass through diffusion and filtration

Simple cuboidal epithelium

Located in ducts, job is to secrete and absorb substances.

Simple columnar epithelium

Located in uterine tubes, function is to absorb

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Located in upper respiratory trachea; secretes mucus

Connective tissue proper

Contains loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue. Including areolar, adipose, and reticular tissues.

Supportive connective tissue

Provides structure and strength to the body. Includes cartilage and bone.

Fluid connective tissue

Various types specialized cells circulate in a water fluid; AKA blood and lymph

Skeletal muscle tissue

Voluntary movement; produces heat, and protects organs

Cardiac muscle tissue

Contracts to pump blood, involuntary muscle found in the heart.

Smooth muscle tissue

Involuntary movement, moves food through the digestive tract and controls the size of blood vessels.

Osteogenic cells

Develop into osteoblasts

Osteoblasts

Bone formation

Osteocytes

Main mineral concentration of matrix

Osteoclasts

Bone respiration

Pivot joint

A uniaxial joint that allows rotational movement

Hinge joint

A uniaxial joint that permits flexion and extension movements

Condyloid joint

A biaxial joint allowing flexion/extension

Saddle joint

A biaxial joint allowing flexion/extension,

Plane joint

A multiaxial joint allowing gliding movements

Ball-and-socket joint

A multiaxial joint allowing flexion/extension

Central Nervous System (CNS)

The core integrative division of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Connection between the CNS and rest of the body

Somatic sensory nerves

Sensory nerves that transmit signals from the skin, muscles, joints, and special senses into the central nervous system.

Sympathetic division

A functional division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the "fight or flight" response.

Parasympathetic division

A functional division of the autonomic nervous system responsible for the "rest and digest" response.

Integumentary system

Provides body with overall protection

Epidermis

composed of stratified squamous epithelium

What is considered thin skin? And what are the layers from superficial to deep?

Straum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum.

What is considered thick skin?

Found on the palms of hands and soles, has stratum lucidum.

Nervous tissue

Characterized by being excitable and capable of transmitting impulses.

Glial cells

Considered to be supporting cells; connective substance where brain, spinal cord, to support/protect neurons

Stratum basale

The deepest layer of the epidermis

Stratum spinosum

Spiny in appearance because of desmosomes

Stratum granulosum

Grainy appearance, changes to keratinocytes.

Stratum corneum

Most superficial layer of the epidermis, composed of dead keratinized cells that provide a protective barrier.

Dermis

The layer of skin below the epidermis, containing connective tissue,

Papillary layer

Made of loose areolar connective tissue; superficial layer of dermis

Reticular layer

Dense connective tissue, has sensory and sympathetic nerve supply

Hypodermis

Layer directly below the dermis, connects skin to underlying fibrous tissue

Ossification

Bone formation, embryos develop a cartilaginous skeleton, are replaced by bone

Myofibril

Long, thread-like structures in muscle cells that contract to produce force.

Proprioceptors

detect changes in muscle length, muscle tension

Cutaneous receptors

Nerve endings located in skin to detect physical stimuli such as touch, temperature, and pain.

Olfactory cells

responds when it binds molecules inhaled from environment

Neuromuscular junctions

facilitating communication for muscle contraction.