Editing rules

Memorize

Comma + CC Rule

Use a comma followed directly by a coordinating conjunction in order to join two independent clauses (complete sentences).

Avoid comma splices

A comma splice occurs when only a comma is used to join two independent clauses (complete sentences).

Avoid run-on sentences

A run-on occurs when two complete sentences are not joined with any appropriate punctuation. One sentence runs on into the following sentence. This is essentially the same as a comma splice, but not even a comma has been included to indicate where one sentence ends and the next one begins

Comma + SC Rule

When a sentence features a subordinate clause as a sentence opener or subject-verb split, separate it from the rest of the sentence with a comma (or two commas if it’s a subject-verb split).

Semicolon Rules

Semicolon

Conjunctive Adverb Rules

Conjunctive adverb rules govern the use of conjunctive adverbs to connect independent clauses. A semicolon is used before the conjunctive adverb and a comma follows it.

Colon Rules

The rules for using colons in writing, which include using a colon to introduce a list, an explanation, or a quotation.

Nouns of Direct Address Rule

The nouns of direct address rule states that when directly addressing someone in writing, the noun or pronoun used for that person should be set off with commas to indicate a pause in speech.

Avoid Sentence Fragments Rule

The avoid sentence fragments rule states that a complete sentence must include at least a subject and a verb, expressing a complete thought. Fragments, or incomplete sentences, should be corrected by adding missing elements.