Lesson 1: Life is Compartmentalized

Cellularity

The characteristic of life that refers to the presence of cells as the basic unit of structure and function in organisms.

Information Processing

The ability of cells to process and respond to information, primarily through genetic material like DNA.

Energy Utilization

The capacity of cells to convert energy from one form to another to sustain life processes.

Replication

The process by which cells reproduce and pass on genetic information to the next generation.

Evolution

The change in the genetic composition of populations over time, leading to diversity in life forms.

Prokaryotic Cells

Cells that lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus and compartmentalization, found in Bacteria and Archaea.

Eukaryotic Cells

Cells characterized by compartmentalization and the presence of a true nucleus, including plant and animal cells.

Organelles

Membrane-bound compartments within eukaryotic cells that have specific structures and functions.

Cytoskeleton

A network of protein filaments that provides shape, organization, and movement to the cell.

Ribosomes

Structures composed of proteins and rRNA where protein synthesis occurs.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

A network of membranes involved in protein synthesis and sorting, with rough and smooth regions.

Golgi Apparatus

A stack of membranes that processes, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or use within the cell.

Lysosomes

Organelles containing enzymes that digest macromolecules and recycle cellular components.

Vacuoles

Storage organelles that regulate cell volume and store substances in eukaryotic cells.

Nucleus

The organelle that contains most of the cell's genetic material and is involved in replication and expression of DNA.

Plasma Membrane

A selectively permeable barrier that separates the internal environment of the cell from the external environment.

Glycocalyx

A carbohydrate-rich zone on the surface of animal cells that provides protection and helps in cell recognition.

Flagella

Long appendages that facilitate movement in cells.

Cilia

Short, numerous appendages that aid in movement and the transport of materials across the cell surface.

Proteome

The complete set of proteins that a cell can produce, influencing its structure and function.