Endocrine System

The endocrine system is a _______ ___ ______ distributed across different anatomical regions of the body.

network of glands

These glands produce and release __________ directly into the bloodstream

hormones

These hormones are used to regulate ________, ________, and _________

metabolism, growth, sleep, and reproduction

Areas of the body with glands (3)

- BRAIN

- NECK / CHEST

- ABDOMEN/PELVIC

BRAIN (3)

HYPOTHALAMUS

PINEAL GLAND

PITUITARY GLAND (anterior and posterior)

The Pineal Gland secretes __________

Melatonin

Melatonin is involved in __________ _________

sleep regulation

The Hypothalamus helps control _________ _________

hormone release

The Hypothalamus houses the ______ _______

pituitary gland

The pituitary gland is divided into ________ and ________

anterior and posterior

Posterior Pituitary Gland (a)

Oxytocin

-Uterine Contraction

-Milk Ejection

-O = Obstetrics

a. Oxytocin

-Uterine Contraction

-Milk Ejection

-O = Obstetrics

Posterior Pituitary Gland (b)

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

It helps your kidneys pull water back into your body instead of turning it into urine.

D = Don’t Pee

b. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

It helps your kidneys pull water back into your body instead of turning it into urine.

D = Don’t Pee

Anterior Pituitary Gland Hormones

FLAT PG

F-FSH
L-LH
A-ACTH
T-TSH

P-PRL
G - GH

Anterior Pituitary Gland (a)

Growth Hormone (GH)

Target: Body tissues

Promotes: Body growth

Growth

a. Growth Hormone (GH)

Target: Body tissues

Promotes: Body growth

Growth

Anterior Pituitary Gland (b)

Prolactin (PRL)

Target: Mammary glands

Stimulates milk production

Milk Production

b. Prolactin

Target: Mammary glands

Stimulates milk production

Milk Production

Anterior Pituitary Gland ( c )

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Target: Thyroid gland

Stimulates release of thyroid hormones

Metabolism regulated

c. TSH

Target: Thyroid gland

Stimulates release of thyroid hormones

Metabolism regulated

Anterior Pituitary Gland (d)

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Target: Ovaries or testes

Supports egg follicle development or sperm production

Reproductive cell development

(d) Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Target: Ovaries or testes

Supports egg follicle development or sperm production

Reproductive cell development

Anterior Pituitary Gland (e)

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Target: Ovaries or testes

Triggers ovulation or stimulates testosterone production

Reproductive function

(e) Luteinizing Hormone

Target: Ovaries or testes

Triggers ovulation or stimulates testosterone production

Reproductive function

Anterior Pituitary Gland (f)

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Target: Adrenal cortex

Stimulates cortisol secretion


Supports stress response

NECK / CHEST (3)

THYROID

PARATHYROID

THYMOSIN

Thyroid regulates ________

metabolism

Pituitary gland —>

TSH —>

Stimulates thyroid gland —>

Thyroid gland —>

T3 and T4 —>

Thyroid hormones —>

Regulate metabolic rate —>

How quickly your body uses energy

Pituitary gland —>

TSH —>

Stimulates thyroid gland —>

Thyroid gland —>

T3 and T4 —>

Thyroid hormones —>

Regulate metabolic rate —>

How quickly your body uses energy

THYROID Hormones

T4 Thyroxine

T3 Triiodothyronine

Calcitonin

Thyroid (a)

T4 Thyroxine

Turn UP metabolic rate

a. T4 Thyroxine

a. Turn UP metabolic rate

4 is iodine molecules

Thyroid (b)

T3 Triiodothyronine

3 is iodine molecules

b. T3 Triiodothyronine

b. Turn UP metabolic rate

is iodine molecules

Thyroid ( c )

Calcitonin

Lowers Calcium in Blood

Calci-tone-it-down

c. Calcitonin

Lowers Calcium in Blood

Calci-tone-it-down

PARATHYROID

Parathyroid Hormone

The Parathyroid gland ________ _______ _______ _________

increased Calcium in blood

THYMUS

Thymosin

Thymus produces ___________

Thymosin

Thymosin stimulates the production of ________

T Cells for immunity

Thy must stimulate immunity

ABDOMEN / PELVIN

Adrenal Medula

Adrenal Cortex

Pancreas

Ovaries

Testes

Adrenal Medula (a)

Epinephrine

a. Epinephrine

Works on Heart

Epi - No - rush = Rush of both for fight or flight

Adrenal Medula (b)

Norepinephrine

b. Norepinephrine

Works on Blood Vessels

Fight or Flight

Epi - No - rush = Rush of both for fight or flight

Adrenal Cortex (a)

Glucocorticoids

Steroid hormones that play a role in glucose, protein, and fat metabolism



ex. cortisol

a. Glucocorticoids

Steroid hormones that play a role in glucose, protein, and fat metabolism

ex. cortisol

Cortisol helps increase ____________

blood glucose levels

Cortisol plays a role in managing ____________

stress

Cortisol plays a role in reducing __________

inflamation

Adrenal Cortex (b)

Mineralcorticoroids

Steroid Hormones that play a role in salt and water balance

ex. Aldosterone

b. Mineralcorticoroids

Steroid Hormones that play a role in salt and water balance

Aldosterone regulates __________ absorption in nephrons in the kidney

sodium



Aldo stores NA

Aldosterone regulates __________ secretion in nephrons in the kidney

potassium

Pancreas (a)

Insulin

Controls blood sugar levels
Metabolism - turns food into energy

in-sulin puts sugar in

a. insulin

Controls blood sugar levels
Metabolism - turns food into energy

in-sulin puts sugar in

Pancreas (b)

Glucagon

Regulates blood sugar levels

Promote liver to convert stored glycogen to glucose

GLUGcagon raises GLUcose
Blanaced energy supply

b. Glucagon

Regulates blood sugar levels

Promote liver to convert stored glycogen to glucose

GLUGcagon raises GLUcose
Blanaced energy supply

Ovaries (a)

Estrogen

Growth of uterine lining

Female secondary segg charachteristics

a. Estrogen

GROWTH of uterine lining

Female secondary segg charachteristics

Ovaries (b)

Progesterone

b. Progesterone

SUPPORTS and MAINTAINS uterine lining growth

Fetal development

Testes produce ____________

testosterone

Androgens

Develops male sexual reproduction and characteristics